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annotate backend/doc/documentation/de/importer-geodaesie.tex @ 8631:b30068e92757

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SQ relation CSV export: order info lines according to columns plus whitespace cosmetics.
author Tom Gottfried <tom@intevation.de>
date Thu, 26 Mar 2015 17:11:36 +0100
parents e5e25586189c
children 884617654878
rev   line source
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1 \section{Geodatenimport}
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2
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3 Der Geodaten Importer ist ein in der Programmiersprache Python
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4 geschriebenes Kommandozeilen Werkzeug zum Import von Shapefiles in
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5 eine Datenbank.
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6 Zum Lesen der Shapefiles und zum Schreiben der Geodaten
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7 in die Datenbank wird die GDAL-Bibliothek verwendet.
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8 Um Daten in eine Oracle Datenbank zu importieren ist es n�tig, dass
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9 GDAL und GDAL-Python-Bindings mit Oracle-Unterst�tzung installiert
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10 sind. Bei der Verwendung von PostgreSQL entf�llt dieser Schritt.
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11 Weitere Details hierzu befinden sich im
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12 Kapitel \ref{Systemanforderungen} und \ref{Installationsanleitung}.
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13
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14 Der Importer kann mit einem Shellscript von der Kommandozeile gestartet werden
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15 (siehe Kapitel \ref{Starten des Geodaten Importers}). Nach dem Start wird anhand der
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16 Konfiguration festgestellt, welche Klassen von Shapefiles aus dem Dateisystem
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17 importiert werden sollen. F�r jede Klasse gibt es einen speziellen
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18 Parser, der die speziellen Attribute eines Shapefiles liest und in die entsprechende
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19 Relation der Datenbank schreibt. Die Parser sind speziell auf das
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20 Dateisystem der BfG ausgerichtet. So wird beispielsweise erwartet, dass die Shapefiles der
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21 Gew�sserachse im Ordner $Geodaesie/Flussachse+km$ liegen. Weitere Informationen zu
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22 den einzelnen Parsern sind Kapitel \ref{Beschreibung der Parser} zu
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23 entnehmen.
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24
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25 Damit die Geodaten eines Shapes sp�ter eindeutig in der Datenbank identifiziert
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26 werden k�nnen, wird f�r jede Geometrie der Pfad des Shapes im Dateisystem
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27 im Datenbankfeld 'path' gespeichert. Anwendungen, die auf der Datenbank
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28 aufbauen, k�nnen die Geodaten eines Shapefiles sp�ter anhand dieses Merkmals
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29 gruppieren und anzeigen.
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30
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31 Bitte beachten Sie, dass der Geodaten Importer aufgrund der eingesetzten
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32 Technologien derzeit nicht in der Lage ist, lesend auf die Oracle-Datenbank
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33 zuzugreifen. Entsprechend kann beim Import nicht festgestellt werden, ob sich
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34 die Daten eines Shapefiles bereits in der Datenbank befinden, oder nicht.
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35 Ein erneuter Import der Geodaten w�rde also dazu f�hren, dass Geometrien doppelt in der
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36 Datenbank abgelegt werden.
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37
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38 \subsection{Koordination-Transformation}
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39 F�r die Transformation der Daten verwendet GDAL wiederum die PROJ4-Bibliothek.
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40 Die Daten werden vor dem Schreiben in die Datenbank alle
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41 in die Gau�-Kr�ger-Projektion Zone 3 (EPSG-Code 31467) transformiert.
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42 Ist f�r die zu importierenden Daten keine Projektion ersichtlich
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43 (fehlende \textit{*.prj}-Datei), so findet keine Transformation statt.
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44 Dies f�hrt nur zu Problemen mit dem Fachdienst FLYS, falls die Daten nicht
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45 bereits in der genannten Projektion vorlagen.
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46
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47 Im Falle der Digitalen Gel�ndemodelle (DGM) findet keine Transformation statt,
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48 da zu diesen lediglich Metadaten in der Datenbank gespeichert werden
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49 (siehe Kapitel \ref{dgm_parser}),
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50 w�hrend die Daten selbst von der Anwendung Dive4Elements River
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51 aus dem Dateisystem geholt werden.
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52 F�r Berechnungen mit den DGM werden die Geometrien aus der Datenbank
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53 in Dive4Elements River in die Projektion des jeweiligen DGM transformiert.
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54 Daher ist es besonders wichtig, dass die Angaben des EPSG-Codes
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55 in der Spalte SRID in DGMs.csv korrekt sind (siehe Kapitel \ref{dgm_parser})
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56
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57 \subsection{Logfile}
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58 Der Erfolg oder Misserfolg eines Shape-Imports wird
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59 im Logfile vermerkt. Folgende Eintr�ge k�nnen dem Logfile
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60 entnommen werden:
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61
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62 \textbf{INFO: Inserted \# features}
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63 \\Gibt die Anzahl der erfolgreich importierten Features an.
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64
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65 \textbf{INFO: Failed to create \# features}
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66 \\Gibt die Anzahl der Features an, die nicht importiert werden konnten.
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67
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68 \textbf{INFO: Found 3 unsupported features of type: '...'}
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69 \\Gibt die Anzahl der Features an, die aufgrund ihres Datentyps nicht importiert
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70 werden konnten. Wenn etwa Punkte erwartet wurden aber sich im Shapefile
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71 Polygone befanden.
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72
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73 \textbf{INFO: Did not import values from fields: '...' ...}
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74 \\Der Importer schreibt neben der geographischen Information weitere
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75 Attribut-Daten in die Datenbank.
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76 Attribut-Spalten die nicht importiert wurden (z.B. auf Grund
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77 von Tippfehlern oder unterschiedlicher Schreibweise),
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78 werden wie angegeben im Logfile aufgef�hrt.
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79
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80 \textbf{ERROR: No source SRS given! No transformation possible!}
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81 \\Das Shapefile enth�lt keine Information, in welcher Projektion die Geometrien
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82 vorliegen. Es findet keine Transformation in die Zielprojektion statt. Bitte
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83 beachten Sie, dass FLYS diese Geometrien sp�ter ggf.\ nicht korrekt darstellen
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84 kann.
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85
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86 \textbf{ERROR: Unable to insert feature: DETAIL}
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87 \\Beim Lesen eines Features ist ein Fehler aufgetreten.
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88 Das Feature konnte nicht in die Datenbank geschrieben werden.
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89
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90 \textbf{ERROR: Exception while committing transaction}
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91 \\Beim Abschluss des Schreib-Vorgangs in die Datenbank ist ein unerwarteter
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92 Fehler aufgetreten. Die Features des Shapes sind nicht importiert worden.
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93
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94 \textbf{ERROR 1: ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied}
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95 \\Es konnte keine Verbindung zur Oracle Datenbank hergestellt werden. Pr�fen Sie
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96 die Verbindungseinstellungen.
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97
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98 Weitere Fehler, die von der Oracle-Datenbank kommen, k�nnen ebenfalls im
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99 Logfile angezeigt werden.
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100
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101
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102 \subsection{Beschreibung der Parser}
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103 \label{Beschreibung der Parser}
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104
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105 Wie im letzten Kapitel beschrieben, sind die Parser speziell an das Dateisystem
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106 der BfG angepasst. Im Folgenden werden zu jedem Parser folgende Informationen
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107 angegeben:
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108
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109 \textbf{Pfad}
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110 \\Der Pfad, in dem die Shapefiles im Dateisystem abgelegt sein m�ssen (ausgehend
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111 vom Gew�sser Verzeichnis).
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112
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113 \textbf{Geometrie}
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114 \\Der Geometrie Typ, der f�r diese Klasse von Shapefiles erwartet wird.
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115
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116 \textbf{Attribute}
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117 \\Eine Liste der Attribute, die vom Parser aus dem Shape gelesen werden.
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118 In Klammern als alternativ bezeichnete Attribut-Namen werden in
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119 das gleiche Datenbankfeld geschrieben, wie das vorgenannte Feld.
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120 Die alternativen Namen werden vom Importer zus�tzlich unterst�tzt,
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121 um Dateien aus dem heterogenen Bestand der BfG unver�ndert
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122 importieren zu k�nnen.
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123
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124 Zudem werden Datenbank-Attribute beschrieben, die nicht direkt aus
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125 Attribut-Spalten des Shapefiles gelesen werden.
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126
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127 \subsubsection{Achsen}
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128 \hspace{5mm}
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129 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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130 Pfad & Geodaesie/Flussachse+km \\
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131 Geometrie & LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING \\
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132 \end{tabular*}
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133
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134 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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135 Zus�tzlich wird das Attribut 'kind\_id' gesetzt, welches
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136 f�r die aktuelle Achse (\textit{achse.shp}) 1 ist
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137 und f�r sonstige Achsen (weitere Linien-Shapes) 2.
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138
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139 \subsubsection{Hydr. Grenzen}
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140 \hspace{5mm}
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141 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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142 Pfad & Hydrologie/Hydr.Grenzen \\
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143 Geometrie & LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING, POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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144 Attribute & SECTIE, STROVOER \\
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145 \end{tabular*}
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146
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147 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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148 Das Attribut 'kind' wird 1 gesetzt f�r Daten aus dem
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149 Unterverzeichnis \textit{Linien/BfG},
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150 2 f�r Daten aus \textit{Linien/Land},
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151 3 f�r Daten aus \textit{Sonstige}
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152 und f�r alle �brigen 0.
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153 Ausgenommen sind Dateien, in deren Namen 'Talaue'
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154 (Gro�-Klein-Schreibung irrelevant) vorkommt.
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155
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156 Linien und Polygone werden in der Datenbank in unterschiedlichen
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157 Tabellen gespeichert.
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158
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159 \subsubsection{Bauwerke}
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160 \hspace{5mm}
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161 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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162 Pfad & Geodaesie/Bauwerke \\
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163 Geometrie & LINESTRING \\
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164 Attribute & Name (alternativ: KWNAAM),
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165 km (alternativ: station, wsv-km),
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166 z (alternativ: H�he, Hoehe, m+NHN)\\
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167 \end{tabular*}
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168
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169 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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170 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' ist 0 f�r Sonstige,
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171 1 f�r Br�cken, 2 f�r Wehre, 3 f�r Pegel.
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172 Es wird aus dem Dateinamen hergeleitet
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173 (\textit{bruecken.shp, wehre.shp, pegel.shp},
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174 teilweise auch alternative Schreibweisen unterst�tzt)
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175 oder je Feature gesetzt, wenn in einer Attributspalte
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176 die Werte 'bruecke' und 'wehr'
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177 (teilweise auch alternative Schreibweisen unterst�tzt) vorkommen.
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178 Ausgenommen sind Dateien, in deren Namen 'Buhnen'
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179 (Gro�-Klein-Schreibung irrelevant) vorkommt.
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180
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181 \subsubsection{Querprofilspuren}
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182 \hspace{5mm}
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183 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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184 Pfad & Geodaesie/Querprofile \\
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185 Geometrie & LINESTRING \\
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186 Attribute & KILOMETER (alternativ: KM, STATION), ELEVATION \\
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187 \end{tabular*}
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188
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189 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' wird 1 gesetzt f�r die Datei \textit{qps.shp} (aktuelle Querprofilspuren)
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190 und 0 f�r alle weiteren.
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191
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192 \subsubsection{Festpunkte}
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193 \hspace{5mm}
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194 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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195 Pfad & Geodaesie/Festpunkte \\
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196 Geometrie & POINT \\
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197 Attribute & KM (alternativ: ELBE\_KM), X, Y, HPGP (alternativ: ART) \\
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198 \end{tabular*}
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199
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200 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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201
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202 \subsubsection{Hochwassermarken}
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203 \hspace{5mm}
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204 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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205 Pfad & Hydrologie/HW-Marken/hw-marken.shp \\
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206 Geometrie & POINT \\
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207 Attribute & Ort (alternativ: Pegel),
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208 km (alternativ: station, wsv-km, FlussKm),
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209 z (alternativ: z mit anschlie�ender Zahl, m+NHN)\\
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210 \end{tabular*}
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211
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212 Gro�-Klein-Schreibung im Dateinamen ist irrelevant.
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213 F�r das Attribut 'year' wird im Dateinamen nach einer Jahreszahl
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214 nach folgendem Muster gesucht: \textit{\_YYYY\_} oder \textit{-YYYY-}.
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215 Gelingt dies nicht, erscheint im Logfile die Warnung
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216 'Could not extract year from filename: ...'.
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217
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218 \subsubsection{Talaue}
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219 \hspace{5mm}
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220 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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221 Pfad & Hydrologie/Hydr.Grenzen \\
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222 Geometrie & POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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223 \end{tabular*}
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224
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225 Es werden nur Dateien betrachtet, in deren Namen das Wort 'Talaue'
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226 (Gro�-Klein-Schreibung irrelevant) vorkommt.
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227 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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228 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' wird 1 gesetzt f�r die Datei \textit{talaue.shp} (aktuelle Talaue)
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229 und 0 f�r alle weiteren.
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230
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231 \subsubsection{Hochwasserschutzanlagen}
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232 \hspace{5mm}
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233 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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234 Pfad & Hydrologie/HW-Schutzanlagen \\
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235 Geometrie & LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING, POINT \\
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236 Attribute & Name, Art, Quelle, Anmerkung, Stand, Verband,
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237 km (alternativ: Deich\_km), Bereich,
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238 Hoehe, Hoehe\_soll, WSP\_Bfg100, Bundesland
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239 (Teilweise auch alternative Schreibweisen unterst�tzt)\\
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240 \end{tabular*}
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241
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242 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt,
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243 wenn kein Attribut 'Name' im Shapefile vorhanden ist.
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244 Das Feld 'kind\_id' wird per Default auf 2 (f�r Damm) gesetzt.
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245 Wird ein Attribut 'ART' im Shapefile gefunden,
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246 so wird 'kind\_id' entsprechend dieses Feldes gesetzt
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247 (1 f�r die Werte 'Durchlass', 'Rohr1', 'Rohr 1', 'Rohr 2',
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248 2 f�r die Werte 'Damm', 'Deich', 'Hochufer', 'Hauptdeich', 'Sommerdeich',
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249 3 f�r den Wert 'Graben').
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250 Es wird versucht das Bundesland aus dem Dateinamen zu ermitteln,
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251 wenn das Shapefile kein Attribut 'Bundesland' enth�lt.
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252
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253 Linien und Punkte werden in der Datenbank in unterschiedlichen
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254 Tabellen gespeichert.
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255
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256 \subsubsection{Buhnen}
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257 \hspace{5mm}
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258 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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259 Pfad & Geodaesie/Bauwerke/Buhnen.shp \\
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260 Geometrie & POINT \\
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261 Attribute & station (alternativ: km, wsv-km),
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262 z (alternativ: Hoehe, H�he, m+NHN) \\
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263 \end{tabular*}
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264
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265 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' wird f�r
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266 Buhnenkopf (\textit{bkl, bkr, bk}) 0,
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267 f�r Buhnenfu� (\textit{bfl, bfr, bf}) 1 und
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268 f�r Buhnenwurzel (\textit{bwl, bwr, bw}) 2 gesetzt,
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269
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270 \subsubsection{Stationierung}
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271 \hspace{5mm}
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272 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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273 Pfad & Geodaesie/Flussachse+km/km.shp \\
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274 Geometrie & POINT \\
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275 Attribute & km (alternativ: KM), landkm \\
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276 \end{tabular*}
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277
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278 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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279
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280 \subsubsection{�berschwemmungsfl�che}
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281 \hspace{5mm}
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282 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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283 Pfad & Hydrologie/UeSG \\
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284 Geometrie & POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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285 Attribut & diff, count, area, perimeter, GEWAESSER \\
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286 \end{tabular*}
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287
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288 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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289 Das Attribut 'kind' wird nach folgendem Schema gesetzt:
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290
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291 \hspace{5mm}
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292 \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
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293 Unterverzeichnis & Wert \\
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294 \textit{Berechnungen/Aktuell/BfG} & 111 \\
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295 \textit{Berechnungen/Aktuell/Bundesl�nder} & 112 \\
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296 \textit{Berechnungen/Potentiell/BfG} & 121 \\
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297 \textit{Berechnungen/Potentiell/Bundesl�nder} & 122 \\
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298 \textit{Messungen} & 200 \\
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299 \end{tabular}
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300
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301 Das Attribut 'source' wird auf den Namen des Verzeichnisses gesetzt,
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302 indem sich das jeweilige Shapefile befindet.
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303
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304 \subsubsection{Metadaten zu Digitalen Gel�nde-Modellen}
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305 \label{dgm_parser}
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306 \hspace{5mm}
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307 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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308 Pfad & ../DGMs.csv \\
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309 Attribut & Projektion, H�henstatus, Format, Bruchkanten,
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310 Aufl�sung, SRID, Pfad\_Bestand,
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311 km\_von, km\_bis, Jahr\_von, Jahr\_bis \\
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312 \end{tabular*}
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313
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314 Aus der Spalte 'Gew�sser' in DGMs.csv wird entnommen,
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315 f�r welches Gew�sser das angegebene DGM verwendet wird.
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316 Die Spalte muss daher den exakt gleichen Namen enthalten
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317 wie in der *.gew-Datei des Gew�ssers angegeben
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318 (siehe auch Kapitel \ref{start-hydr}).
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319 Die eigentlichen Geo-Daten der DGM werden nicht in die Datenbank importiert.
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320 Diese werden von der Anwendung Dive4Elements River aus dem Dateisystem geholt.
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321
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322 \subsection{Konfiguration}
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323 \label{Konfiguration}
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324 Der Geodaten Importer kann �ber das Skript \textit{./run\_geo.sh}
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325 konfiguriert werden. �ffnen Sie die Datei mit einem Texteditor Ihrer Wahl
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326 und passen Sie ggf.\ folgende Variablen an:
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327
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328 \textbf{HOST}
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329 \\Der Host der Datenbank.
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330
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331 \textbf{BACKEND\_NAME}
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332 \\Der Name der Datenbank Instanz.
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333 Beispielsweise \textit{XE} bei einer Oracle XE Instanz.
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334
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335 \textbf{USER}
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336 \\Der Nutzer, der zum Verbinden zur Datenbank verwendet wird.
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337
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338 \textbf{PASS}
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339 \\Das Passwort f�r USER zum Verbinden zur Datenbank.
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340
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341 In den weiteren Zeilen werden weitere Optionen definiert, die bei Bedarf angepasst
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342 werden k�nnen. Falls nicht anders angegeben, k�nnen die Optionen mit den Werten
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343 `0` und `1` belegt werden.
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344
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345 \textbf{VERBOSE}
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346 \\Dieser Wert gibt die Granularit�t der Log-Ausgaben w�hrend des
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347 Imports an. Je h�her der Wert, desto mehr Informationen werden
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348 in das Logfile geschrieben. Aktuell sind die Werte `0`, `1` und
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349 `2` definiert. Wird der Wert `0` gesetzt, werden nur Fehler und
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350 Warnungen in das Logfile geschrieben. Bei `1` werden neben
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351 Fehlern und Warnungen auch Infos in das Logfile geschrieben. Bei
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352 `2` werden s�mtliche Ausgaben des Programms geschrieben. Dieser
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353 Modus ist haupts�chlich f�r die Entwicklung gedacht.
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354
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355 \textbf{OGR\_CONNECTION}
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356 \\Hiermit kann direkt ein beliebiger Verbindungs-String angegegeben
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357 werden, welcher dann anstatt HOST, USER und PASS verwendet wird.
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358 Diese Option wird direkt an die OGR-Bibliothek weitergegeben und erm�glicht
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359 verbesserte Tests und Entwicklung mit verschiedenen Backends.
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360
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361 \textbf{SKIP\_AXIS}
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362 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Flussachsen importiert.
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363
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364 \textbf{SKIP\_KMS}
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365 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Stationierungen importiert.
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366
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367 \textbf{SKIP\_CROSSSECTIONS}
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368 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Querprofilespuren importiert.
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369
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370 \textbf{SKIP\_FIXPOINTS}
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371 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Festpunkte importiert.
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372
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373 \textbf{SKIP\_BUILDINGS}
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374 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Bauwerke importiert.
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375
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376 \textbf{SKIP\_FLOODPLAINS}
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377 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Talauen importiert.
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378
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379 \textbf{SKIP\_HYDR\_BOUNDARIES}
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380 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine hydrologischen Grenzen importiert.
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381
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382 \textbf{SKIP\_HWS\_LINES}
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383 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden kein Hochwasserschutzanlagen (Liniendaten) importiert.
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384
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385 \textbf{SKIP\_HWS\_POINTS}
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386 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden kein Hochwasserschutzanlagen (Punktdaten) importiert.
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387
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388 \textbf{SKIP\_UESG}
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389 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine �berschwemmungsfl�chen importiert.
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390
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391 \textbf{SKIP\_DGM}
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392 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Metadaten zu Digitalen Gel�ndemodellen importiert.
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393
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394 \textbf{SKIP\_JETTIES}
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395 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Buhnen importiert.
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396
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397 \textbf{SKIP\_FLOODMARKS}
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398 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine HW-Marken importiert.
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399
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400 \subsection{Starten des Geodaten Importers}
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401 \label{Starten des Geodaten Importers}
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402 Der Geodaten Importer wird mittels des Shellskripts,
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403 dass auch f�r die Konfiguration verwendet wird, von einer Konsole
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404 gestartet. Dazu f�hren Sie folgenden Befehl aus:\\
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405
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406 \begin{lstlisting}
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407 sh ./run_geo.sh pfad/zur/beispiel.gew > geo-import.log
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408 \end{lstlisting}
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409
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410 Bez�glich des �bergebenen Pfades siehe auch Kapitel \ref{start-hydr}.
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411 Der Importer wird nun gestartet. S�mtliche Log-Ausgaben werden in die Datei
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412 $geo-import.log$ geschrieben.
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413
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414
http://dive4elements.wald.intevation.org