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annotate flys-backend/doc/documentation/de/importer-geodaesie.tex @ 3670:6c0d6d74139c

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Documented install steps for Oracle Instantclient, Python and GDAL. flys-backend/trunk@5293 c6561f87-3c4e-4783-a992-168aeb5c3f6f
author Ingo Weinzierl <ingo.weinzierl@intevation.de>
date Wed, 29 Aug 2012 13:25:30 +0000
parents 3ea5e835ecce
children 924055b11545
rev   line source
3661
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1 \section{Geodatenimport}
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2
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3 Der Geodaten Importer ist ein in Python geschriebenes Kommandozeilen Tool zum
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4 Import von Shapefiles in eine Datenbank. Zum Lesen der Shapefiles und zum
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5 Schreiben der Geodaten in die Datenbank wird GDAL verwendet. Zum Import in eine
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6 Oracle Datenbank ist es erforderlich, dass GDAL und GDAL Python Bindungs mit
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7 Oracle Unterst�tzung installiert sind. Weitere Details hierzu befinden sich im
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8 Kapitel \ref{Systemanforderungen} und \ref{Installationsanleitung}.
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9
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10 Der Importer kann mit einem Shellscript von der Kommandozeilen gestartet werden
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11 (siehe Kapitel \ref{Starten des Geodaten Importers}). Nach dem Start wird anhand der
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12 Konfiguration festgestellt, welche Klassen von Shapefiles aus dem Dateisystem
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13 importiert werden sollen. F�r jede Klasse gibt es hierzu einen speziellen
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14 Parser, der die speziellen Attribute eines Shapefiles liest und in die ent-
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15 sprechende Relation der Datenbank schreibt. Die Parser sind speziell auf das
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16 Dateisystem der BfG ausgerichtet. So wird z.B. erwartet, dass die Shapefiles der
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17 Gew�sserachse im Ordner $Geodaesie/Flussachse+km$ liegen. Weitere Informationen zu
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18 den einzelnen Parsern sind dem n�chsten Kapitel \ref{Beschreibung der Parser} zu
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19 entnehmen. Der Erfolg oder Misserfolg eines Shape-Imports wird je nach
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20 Konfiguration im Logfile vermerkt. Folgende Eintr�ge k�nnen dem Logfile
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21 entnommen werden:
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22
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23 \textbf{INFO: Inserted 4 features}
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24 \\Gibt die Anzahl der erfolgreich importierten Features an.\\
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25
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26 \textbf{INFO: Failed to create 2 features}
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27 \\Gibt die Anzahl der Features an, die nicht importiert werden konnten.\\
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28
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29 \textbf{INFO: Found 3 unsupported features}
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30 \\Gibt die Anzahl der Features an, die aufgrund ihres Datentyps nicht importiert
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31 werden konnten. Z.B: es werden Linien erwartet, im Shapefile sind jedoch
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32 Polygone enthalten.\\
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33
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34 \textbf{ERROR: Unable to insert feature: DETAIL}
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35 \\Beim Lesen der Attribute eines Features ist ein Fehler aufgetreten.
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36 Das Feature konnte nicht in die Datenbank geschrieben werden.\\
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37
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38 \textbf{ERROR: Exception while committing transaction}
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39 \\Beim Abschluss des Schreib-Vorgangs in die Datenbank ist ein unerwarteter
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40 Fehler aufgetreten. Die Features des Shapes sind nicht importiert worden.\\
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41
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42 Damit die Geodaten eines Shapes sp�ter eindeutig in der Datenbank identifiziert
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43 werden k�nnen, wird f�r jede Geometrie der Pfad des Shapes im Dateisystem in
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44 einer Spalte der Datenbank gespeichert. Anwendungen, die auf der Datenbank
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45 aufbauen, k�nnen die Geodaten eines Shapefiles sp�ter anhand dieses Merkmals
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46 gruppieren und anzeigen.
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47
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48
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49 \subsection{Beschreibung der Parser}
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50 \label{Beschreibung der Parser}
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51
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52 Wie im letzten Kapitel beschrieben, sind die Parser speziell an das Dateisystem
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53 der BfG ausgerichtet. Im folgenden werden zu jedem Parser folgende Informationen
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54 angegeben:
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55
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56 \textbf{Pfad}
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57 \\Der Pfad, in dem die Shapefiles im Dateisystem abgelegt sein m�ssen ausgehend
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58 vom Gew�sser Verzeichnis.
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59
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60 \textbf{Geometrie}
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61 \\Der Geometrie Typ, der f�r diese Klasse von Shapefiles erwartet wird.
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62
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63 \textbf{Attribute}
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64 \\Eine Liste der Attribute, die vom Parser aus dem Shape gelesen werden.
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65
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66
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67 \subsubsection{Achsen}
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68 \hspace{1cm}
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69 \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
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70 Pfad & Geodaesie/Flussachse+km \\
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71 Geometrie & LINESTRING \\
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72 Attribute & name, kind \\
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73 \end{tabular}
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74
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75
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76 \subsubsection{Hydrologische Grenzen}
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77 \hspace{1cm}
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78 \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
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79 Pfad & Hydrologie/Hydr.Grenzen/Linien \\
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80 Geometrie & LINESTRING, POLYGON \\
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81 Attribute & name, kind \\
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82 \end{tabular}
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83
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84 \subsubsection{Bauwerke}
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85 \hspace{1cm}
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86 \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
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87 Pfad & Geodaesie/Bauwerke \\
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88 Geometrie & LINESTRING \\
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89 Attribute & name, Name, KWNAAM \\
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90 \end{tabular}
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91
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92
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93 \subsubsection{Einzugsgebiete}
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94 \hspace{1cm}
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95 \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
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96 Pfad & Hydrologie/Einzugsgebiet \\
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97 Geometrie & POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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98 Attribute & name, Name, AREA, area \\
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99 \end{tabular}
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100
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101
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102 \subsubsection{Querprofilspuren}
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103 \hspace{1cm}
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104 \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
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105 Pfad & Geodaesie/Querprofile \\
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106 Geometrie & LINESTRING \\
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107 Attribute & KILOMETER, KM, STATION, ELEVATION \\
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108 \end{tabular}
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109
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110
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111 \subsubsection{Festpunkte}
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112 \hspace{1cm}
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113 \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
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114 Pfad & Geodaesie/Festpunkte \\
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115 Geometrie & POINT \\
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116 Attribute & name, KM, ELBE\_KM, X, Y, HPGP \\
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117 \end{tabular}
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118
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119
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120 \subsubsection{Talaue}
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121 \hspace{1cm}
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122 \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
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123 Pfad & Hydrologie/Hydr.Grenzen \\
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124 Geometrie & POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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125 Attribute & name \\
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126 \end{tabular}
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127
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128
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129 \subsubsection{Pegelstationen}
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130 \hspace{1cm}
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131 \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
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132 Pfad & Hydrologie/Streckendaten \\
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133 Geometrie & POINT \\
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134 Attribute & Name, name, MPNAAM \\
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135 \end{tabular}
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136
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137
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138 \subsubsection{Hochwasserschutzanlagen}
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139 \hspace{1cm}
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140 \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
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141 Pfad & Hydrologie/HW-Schutzanlagen \\
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142 Geometrie & LINESTRING \\
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143 Attribute & TYP, Bauart, Name, name \\
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144 \end{tabular}
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145
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146
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147 \subsubsection{Kilometrierung}
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148 \hspace{1cm}
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149 \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
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150 Pfad & Geodaesie/Flussachse+km \\
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151 Geometrie & POINT \\
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152 Attribute & name, km, KM \\
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153 \end{tabular}
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154
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155
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156 \subsubsection{Linien}
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157 \hspace{1cm}
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158 \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
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159 Pfad & Geodaesie/Linien \\
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160 Geometrie & LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING \\
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161 Attribute & name, TYP, Z \\
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162
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163 Anmerkung & Wenn kein Attribut 'TYP' definiert ist, wird standardm��ig der Wert \\
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164 & 'DAMM' angenommen. Fehlt ein Attribut 'Z' wird als '9999' als H�he \\
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165 & angenommen. \\
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166 \end{tabular}
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167
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168
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169 \subsubsection{�berschwemmungsfl�che}
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170 \hspace{1cm}
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171 \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
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172 Pfad & Hydrologie/UeSG/Berechnung \\
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173 Geometrie & POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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174 Attribut & name, diff, count, area, perimeter \\
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175 \end{tabular}
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176
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177
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178 \subsection{Systemanforderungen}
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179 \label{Systemanforderungen}
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180 \begin{itemize}
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181 \item Oracle Datenbank inkl. Schema f�r FLYS
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182 \item GDAL Binding f�r Python mit Oracle Support
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183 \item ogr2ogr
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184 \item Python $>=$ 2.6
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185 \end{itemize}
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186
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187
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188 \subsection{Installationsanleitung}
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189 \label{Installationsanleitung}
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190 \begin{itemize}
3670
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191
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192 \item Python\\
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193 Zum Starten des Importers ist es notwendig Python zu installieren. Dies k�nnen
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194 Sie mit folgendem Befehl auf der Kommandozeile erledigen:
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195
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196 \begin{lstlisting}
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197 zypper in python
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198 \end{lstlisting}
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199
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200 \item \todo ogr2ogr installieren?
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201
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202 \item \todo python-gdal; woher?
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203
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204 \item Oracle Instantclient\\
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205 Der Oracle Instantclient 11.2 wird ben�tigt, damit der Importer mittels Python
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206 und GDAL in die bestehende Oracle Datenbank schreiben kann. Dazu ist es
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207 erforderlich, folgende Archive von Oracle herunterzuladen:
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208
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209 \begin{itemize}
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210 \item \todo URL zu instantclient-basic-linux-x86-64-11.2.0.2.0.zip
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211 \item \todo URL zu instantclient-sdk-linux-x86-64-11.2.0.2.0.zip
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212 \item \todo URL zu instantclient-sqlplus-linux-x86-64-11.2.0.2.0.zip
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213 \end{itemize}
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214
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215 Anschlie�end f�hren Sie folgende Befehle auf der Kommandozeile aus:
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216
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217 \begin{lstlisting}
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218
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219 mkdir /opt
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220
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221 unzip ~/instantclient-basic-linux-x86-64-11.2.0.2.0.zip -d /opt
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222 unzip ~/instantclient-sdk-linux-x86-64-11.2.0.2.0.zip -d /opt
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223 unzip ~/instantclient-sqlplus-linux-x86-64-11.2.0.2.0.zip -d /opt
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224
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225 mkdir /opt/instantclient_11_2/lib
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226 cd /opt/instantclient_11_2/lib
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227 ln -s ../libclntsh.so.11.1 .
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228 ln -s ../libclntsh.so.11.1 libclntsh.so
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229 ln -s ../libnnz11.so .
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230 ln -s ../libocci.so.11.1 .
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231 ln -s ../libocci.so.11.1 libocci.so
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232 ln -s ../libociei.so .
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233 ln -s ../libocijdbc11.so .
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234 ln -s ../libsqlplusic.so .
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235 ln -s ../libsqlplus.so .
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236
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237 rpm -i --nodeps ~/flys-importer/rpm/RPMS/x86_64/libgdal1180-1.8.0-intevation1.x86_64.rpm
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238 rpm -i --nodeps ~/flys-importer/rpm/RPMS/x86_64/libgdal180-devel-1.8.0-intevation1.x86_64.rpm
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239 rpm -i --nodeps ~/flys-importer/rpm/RPMS/x86_64/gdal180-1.8.0-intevation1.x86_64.rpm
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240
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241 \end{lstlisting}
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242
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243 Sollten keine Fehler aufgetreten sein, haben Sie den \textit{Oracle
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244 Instantclient 11.2} erfolgreich entpackt und im Dateisystem unter
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245 \textit{/opt/instantclient\_11\_2} abgelegt. Mit den Befehlen $rpm -i --nodeps$
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246 haben Sie anschlie�end die notwendigen Bindings installiert, damit der Importer
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247 die Geodaten in die Oracle Datenbank schreiben kann.
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248
3661
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249 \end{itemize}
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250
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251
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252 \subsection{Konfiguration}
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253 \label{Konfiguration}
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254 Der Geodaten Importer kann �ber die Datei `contrib/shpimporter/run.sh`
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255 konfiguriert werden. �ffnen Sie die Datei mit einem Texteditor Ihrer Wahl.
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256 In den Zeilen 4-9 werden Optionen definiert, die zwangsl�ufig angepasst
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257 werden m�ssen:
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258
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259 \textbf{RIVER\_PATH}
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260 \\Der Pfad zum Gew�sser im Dateisystem.
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261
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262 \textbf{RIVER\_ID}
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263 \\Die Datenbank ID des zu importierenden Gew�ssers.
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264
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265 \textbf{TARGET\_SRS}
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266 \\Das EPSG Referenzsystem in das die Geodaten beim Import projeziert werden
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267 sollen.
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268
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269 \textbf{HOST}
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270 \\Der Host der Datenbank.
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271
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272 \textbf{USER}
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273 \\Der Nutzer, der zum Verbinden zur Datenbank verwendet wird.
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274
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275 \textbf{PASS}
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276 \\Das Passwort f�r USER zum Verbinden zur Datenbank.
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277
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278 In den Zeilen 12-23 werden weitere Optionen definiert, die bei Bedarf angepasst
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279 werden k�nnen. Falls nicht anders angegeben, k�nnen die Optionen mit den Werten
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280 `0` und `1` belegt werden.
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281
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282 \textbf{VERBOSE}
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283 \\Dieser Wert gibt die Granularit�t der Log-Ausgaben w�hrend des
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284 Imports an. Je h�her der Wert, desto mehr Informationen werden
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285 in das Logfile geschrieben. Aktuell sind die Werte `0`, `1` und
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286 `2` definiert. Wird der Wert `0` gesetzt, werden nur Fehler und
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287 Warnungen in das Logfile geschrieben. Bei `1` werden neben
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288 Fehlern und Warnungen auch Infos in das Logfile geschrieben. Bei
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289 `2` werden s�mtliche Ausgaben des Programms geschrieben. Dieser
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290 Modus ist haupts�chlich f�r die Entwicklung gedacht.
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291
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292 \textbf{SKIP\_AXIS}
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293 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Flussachsen importiert.
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294
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295 \textbf{SKIP\_KMS}
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296 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Kilometrierungen importiert.
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297
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298 \textbf{SKIP\_CROSSSECTIONS}
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299 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Querprofilespuren importiert.
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300
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301 \textbf{SKIP\_LINES}
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302 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Linien importiert.
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303
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304 \textbf{SKIP\_FIXPOINTS}
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305 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Festpunkte importiert.
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306
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307 \textbf{SKIP\_BUILDINGS}
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308 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Bauwerke importiert.
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309
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310 \textbf{SKIP\_FLOODPLAINS}
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311 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Talauen importiert.
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312
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313 \textbf{SKIP\_HYDR\_BOUNDARIES}
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314 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine hydrologischen Grenzen importiert.
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315
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316 \textbf{SKIP\_HWS}
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317 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden kein Hochwasserschutzanlagen importiert.
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318
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319 \textbf{SKIP\_GAUGE\_LOCATION}
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320 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Pegelort importiert.
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321
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322 \textbf{SKIP\_CATCHMENTS}
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323 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Einzugsgebiet importiert.
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324
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325 \textbf{SKIP\_UESG}
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326 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine �berschwemmungsfl�chen importiert.
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327
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328
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329 \subsection{Starten des Geodaten Importers}
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330 \label{Starten des Geodaten Importers}
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331 Der Geodaten Importer wird mittels eines Shellskripts von einer Konsole
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332 gestartet. Dazu wechseln Sie auf der Konsole in das Verzeichnis \todo und
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333 f�hren Sie folgenden Befehl aus:\\
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334
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335 \begin{lstlisting}
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336 sh contrib/shpimporter/run.sh > import.log
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337 \end{lstlisting}
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338 Der Importer wird nun gestartet. S�mtliche Log-Ausgaben werden in die Datei
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339 $import.log$ geschrieben.
http://dive4elements.wald.intevation.org