annotate backend/doc/documentation/de/importer-geodaesie.tex @ 9650:a2a42a6bac6b

Importer (s/u-info) extensions: outer try/catch for parse and log of line no, catching parsing exception if not enough value fields, parsing error and warning log messages with line number, detecting and rejecting duplicate data series, better differentiation between error and warning log messages
author mschaefer
date Mon, 23 Mar 2020 14:57:03 +0100
parents 2ba30caa5571
children 21e276cef740
rev   line source
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1 \section{Geodatenimport}
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2
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3 Der Geodaten Importer ist ein in der Programmiersprache Python
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4 geschriebenes Kommandozeilen Werkzeug zum Import von Shapefiles in
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5 eine Datenbank.
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6 Zum Lesen der Shapefiles und zum Schreiben der Geodaten
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7 in die Datenbank wird die GDAL-Bibliothek verwendet.
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8 Um Daten in eine Oracle Datenbank zu importieren ist es n�tig, dass
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9 GDAL und GDAL-Python-Bindings mit Oracle-Unterst�tzung installiert
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10 sind. Bei der Verwendung von PostgreSQL entf�llt dieser Schritt.
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11 Weitere Details hierzu befinden sich im
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12 Kapitel \ref{Systemanforderungen} und \ref{Installationsanleitung}.
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13
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14 Der Importer kann mit einem Shellscript von der Kommandozeile gestartet werden
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15 (siehe Kapitel \ref{Starten des Geodaten Importers}). Nach dem Start wird anhand der
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16 Konfiguration festgestellt, welche Klassen von Shapefiles aus dem Dateisystem
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17 importiert werden sollen. F�r jede Klasse gibt es einen speziellen
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18 Parser, der die speziellen Attribute eines Shapefiles liest und in die entsprechende
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19 Relation der Datenbank schreibt. Die Parser sind speziell auf das
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20 Dateisystem der BfG ausgerichtet. So wird beispielsweise erwartet, dass die Shapefiles der
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21 Gew�sserachse im Ordner $Geodaesie/Flussachse+km$ liegen. Weitere Informationen zu
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22 den einzelnen Parsern sind Kapitel \ref{Beschreibung der Parser} zu
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23 entnehmen.
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24
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25 Damit die Geodaten eines Shapes sp�ter eindeutig in der Datenbank identifiziert
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26 werden k�nnen, wird f�r jede Geometrie der Pfad des Shapes im Dateisystem
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27 im Datenbankfeld 'path' gespeichert. Anwendungen, die auf der Datenbank
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28 aufbauen, k�nnen die Geodaten eines Shapefiles sp�ter anhand dieses Merkmals
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29 gruppieren und anzeigen.
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30
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31 Bitte beachten Sie, dass der Geodaten Importer aufgrund der eingesetzten
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32 Technologien derzeit nicht in der Lage ist, lesend auf die Oracle-Datenbank
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33 zuzugreifen. Entsprechend kann beim Import nicht festgestellt werden, ob sich
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34 die Daten eines Shapefiles bereits in der Datenbank befinden, oder nicht.
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35 Ein erneuter Import der Geodaten w�rde also dazu f�hren, dass Geometrien doppelt in der
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36 Datenbank abgelegt werden.
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37
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38 \subsection{Koordination-Transformation}
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39 F�r die Transformation der Daten verwendet GDAL wiederum die PROJ4-Bibliothek.
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40 Die Daten werden vor dem Schreiben in die Datenbank alle
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41 in die Gau�-Kr�ger-Projektion Zone 3 (EPSG-Code 31467) transformiert.
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42 Ist f�r die zu importierenden Daten keine Projektion ersichtlich
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43 (fehlende \textit{*.prj}-Datei), so findet keine Transformation statt.
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44 Dies f�hrt nur zu Problemen mit dem Fachdienst FLYS, falls die Daten nicht
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45 bereits in der genannten Projektion vorlagen.
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46
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47 Im Falle der Digitalen Gel�ndemodelle (DGM) findet keine Transformation statt,
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48 da zu diesen lediglich Metadaten in der Datenbank gespeichert werden
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49 (siehe Kapitel \ref{dgm_parser}),
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50 w�hrend die Daten selbst von der Anwendung Dive4Elements River
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51 aus dem Dateisystem geholt werden.
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52 F�r Berechnungen mit den DGM werden die Geometrien aus der Datenbank
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53 in Dive4Elements River in die Projektion des jeweiligen DGM transformiert.
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54 Daher ist es besonders wichtig, dass die Angaben des EPSG-Codes
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55 in der Spalte SRID in DGMs.csv korrekt sind (siehe Kapitel \ref{dgm_parser})
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56
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57 \subsection{Logfile}
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58 Der Erfolg oder Misserfolg eines Shape-Imports wird
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59 im Logfile vermerkt. Folgende Eintr�ge k�nnen dem Logfile
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60 entnommen werden:
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61
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62 \textbf{INFO: Inserted \# features}
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63 \\Gibt die Anzahl der erfolgreich importierten Features an.
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64
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65 \textbf{INFO: Failed to create \# features}
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66 \\Gibt die Anzahl der Features an, die nicht importiert werden konnten.
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67
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68 \textbf{INFO: Found 3 unsupported features of type: '...'}
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69 \\Gibt die Anzahl der Features an, die aufgrund ihres Datentyps nicht importiert
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70 werden konnten. Wenn etwa Punkte erwartet wurden aber sich im Shapefile
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71 Polygone befanden.
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72
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73 \textbf{INFO: Did not import values from fields: '...' ...}
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74 \\Der Importer schreibt neben der geographischen Information weitere
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75 Attribut-Daten in die Datenbank.
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76 Attribut-Spalten die nicht importiert wurden (z.B. auf Grund
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77 von Tippfehlern oder unterschiedlicher Schreibweise),
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78 werden wie angegeben im Logfile aufgef�hrt.
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79
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80 \textbf{ERROR: No source SRS given! No transformation possible!}
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81 \\Das Shapefile enth�lt keine Information, in welcher Projektion die Geometrien
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82 vorliegen. Es findet keine Transformation in die Zielprojektion statt. Bitte
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83 beachten Sie, dass FLYS diese Geometrien sp�ter ggf.\ nicht korrekt darstellen
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84 kann.
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85
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86 \textbf{ERROR: Unable to insert feature: DETAIL}
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87 \\Beim Lesen eines Features ist ein Fehler aufgetreten.
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88 Das Feature konnte nicht in die Datenbank geschrieben werden.
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89
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90 \textbf{ERROR: Exception while committing transaction}
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91 \\Beim Abschluss des Schreib-Vorgangs in die Datenbank ist ein unerwarteter
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92 Fehler aufgetreten. Die Features des Shapes sind nicht importiert worden.
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93
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94 \textbf{ERROR 1: ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied}
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95 \\Es konnte keine Verbindung zur Oracle Datenbank hergestellt werden. Pr�fen Sie
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96 die Verbindungseinstellungen.
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97
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98 Weitere Fehler, die von der Oracle-Datenbank kommen, k�nnen ebenfalls im
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99 Logfile angezeigt werden.
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100
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101
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102 \subsection{Beschreibung der Parser}
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103 \label{Beschreibung der Parser}
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104
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105 Wie im letzten Kapitel beschrieben, sind die Parser speziell an das Dateisystem
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106 der BfG angepasst. Im Folgenden werden zu jedem Parser folgende Informationen
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107 angegeben:
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108
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109 \textbf{Pfad}
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110 \\Der Pfad, in dem die Shapefiles im Dateisystem abgelegt sein m�ssen (ausgehend
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111 vom Gew�sser Verzeichnis).
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112
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113 \textbf{Geometrie}
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114 \\Der Geometrie Typ, der f�r diese Klasse von Shapefiles erwartet wird.
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115
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116 \textbf{Attribute}
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117 \\Eine Liste der Attribute, die vom Parser aus dem Shape gelesen werden.
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118 In Klammern als alternativ bezeichnete Attribut-Namen werden in
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119 das gleiche Datenbankfeld geschrieben, wie das vorgenannte Feld.
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120 Die alternativen Namen werden vom Importer zus�tzlich unterst�tzt,
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121 um Dateien aus dem heterogenen Bestand der BfG unver�ndert
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122 importieren zu k�nnen.
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123
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124 Zudem werden Datenbank-Attribute beschrieben, die nicht direkt aus
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125 Attribut-Spalten des Shapefiles gelesen werden.
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126
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127 \subsubsection{Achsen}
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128 \hspace{5mm}
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129 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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130 Pfad & Geodaesie/Flussachse+km \\
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131 Geometrie & LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING \\
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132 \end{tabular*}
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133
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134 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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135 Zus�tzlich wird das Attribut 'kind\_id' gesetzt, welches
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136 f�r die aktuelle Achse (\textit{achse.shp}) 1 ist
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137 und f�r sonstige Achsen (weitere Linien-Shapes) 2.
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138
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139 Hinweis:
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140 Da die Layer-Konfiguration (Mapfiles) f�r die Flussachsen beim Start des
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141 Artefakt-Servers generiert werden, muss der Artefakt-Server neugestartet
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142 werden um die Flussachse in der Anwendung darstellen zu k�nnen.
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143
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144 \subsubsection{Hydr. Grenzen}
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145 \hspace{5mm}
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146 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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147 Pfad & Hydrologie/Hydr.Grenzen \\
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148 Geometrie & LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING, POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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149 Attribute & SECTIE, STROVOER \\
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150 \end{tabular*}
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151
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152 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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153 Das Attribut 'kind' wird 1 gesetzt f�r Daten aus dem
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154 Unterverzeichnis \textit{Linien/BfG},
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155 2 f�r Daten aus \textit{Linien/Land},
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156 3 f�r Daten aus \textit{Sonstige}
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157 und f�r alle �brigen 0.
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158 Ausgenommen sind Dateien, in deren Namen 'Talaue'
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159 (Gro�-Klein-Schreibung irrelevant) vorkommt.
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160
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161 Linien und Polygone werden in der Datenbank in unterschiedlichen
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162 Tabellen gespeichert.
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163
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164 \subsubsection{Bauwerke}
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165 \hspace{5mm}
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166 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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167 Pfad & Geodaesie/Bauwerke \\
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168 Geometrie & LINESTRING \\
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169 Attribute & Name (alternativ: KWNAAM),
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170 km (alternativ: station, wsv-km),
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171 z (alternativ: H�he, Hoehe, m+NHN)\\
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172 \end{tabular*}
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173
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174 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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175 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' ist 0 f�r Sonstige,
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176 1 f�r Br�cken, 2 f�r Wehre, 3 f�r Pegel.
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177 Es wird aus dem Dateinamen hergeleitet
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178 (\textit{bruecken.shp, wehre.shp, pegel.shp},
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179 teilweise auch alternative Schreibweisen unterst�tzt)
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180 oder je Feature gesetzt, wenn in einer Attributspalte
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181 die Werte 'bruecke' und 'wehr'
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182 (teilweise auch alternative Schreibweisen unterst�tzt) vorkommen.
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183 Ausgenommen sind Dateien, in deren Namen 'Buhnen'
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184 (Gro�-Klein-Schreibung irrelevant) vorkommt.
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185
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186 \subsubsection{Querprofilspuren}
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187 \hspace{5mm}
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188 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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189 Pfad & Geodaesie/Querprofile \\
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190 Geometrie & LINESTRING \\
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191 Attribute & KILOMETER (alternativ: KM, STATION), ELEVATION \\
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192 \end{tabular*}
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193
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194 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' wird 1 gesetzt f�r die Datei \textit{qps.shp} (aktuelle Querprofilspuren)
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195 und 0 f�r alle weiteren.
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196
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197 \subsubsection{Festpunkte}
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198 \hspace{5mm}
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199 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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200 Pfad & Geodaesie/Festpunkte \\
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201 Geometrie & POINT \\
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202 Attribute & KM (alternativ: ELBE\_KM), X, Y, HPGP (alternativ: ART) \\
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203 \end{tabular*}
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204
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205 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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206
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207 \subsubsection{Hochwassermarken}
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208 \hspace{5mm}
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209 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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210 Pfad & Hydrologie/HW-Marken/hw-marken.shp \\
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211 Geometrie & POINT \\
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212 Attribute & Ort (alternativ: Pegel),
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213 km (alternativ: station, wsv-km, FlussKm),
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214 z (alternativ: z mit anschlie�ender Zahl, m+NHN)\\
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215 \end{tabular*}
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216
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217 Gro�-Klein-Schreibung im Dateinamen ist irrelevant.
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218 F�r das Attribut 'year' wird im Dateinamen nach einer Jahreszahl
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219 nach folgendem Muster gesucht: \textit{\_YYYY\_} oder \textit{-YYYY-}.
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220 Gelingt dies nicht, erscheint im Logfile die Warnung
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221 'Could not extract year from filename: ...'.
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222
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223 \subsubsection{Talaue}
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224 \hspace{5mm}
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225 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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226 Pfad & Hydrologie/Hydr.Grenzen \\
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227 Geometrie & POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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228 \end{tabular*}
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229
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230 Es werden nur Dateien betrachtet, in deren Namen das Wort 'Talaue'
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231 (Gro�-Klein-Schreibung irrelevant) vorkommt.
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232 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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233 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' wird 1 gesetzt f�r die Datei \textit{talaue.shp} (aktuelle Talaue)
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234 und 0 f�r alle weiteren.
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235
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236 \subsubsection{Hochwasserschutzanlagen}
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237 \hspace{5mm}
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238 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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239 Pfad & Hydrologie/HW-Schutzanlagen \\
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240 Geometrie & LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING, POINT \\
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241 Attribute & Name, Art, Quelle, Anmerkung, Stand, Verband,
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242 km (alternativ: Deich\_km), Bereich,
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243 Hoehe, Hoehe\_soll, WSP\_Bfg100, Bundesland
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244 (Teilweise auch alternative Schreibweisen unterst�tzt)\\
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245 \end{tabular*}
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246
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247 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt,
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248 wenn kein Attribut 'Name' im Shapefile vorhanden ist.
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249 Das Feld 'kind\_id' wird per Default auf 2 (f�r Damm) gesetzt.
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250 Wird ein Attribut 'ART' im Shapefile gefunden,
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251 so wird 'kind\_id' entsprechend dieses Feldes gesetzt
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252 (1 f�r die Werte 'Durchlass', 'Rohr1', 'Rohr 1', 'Rohr 2',
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253 2 f�r die Werte 'Damm', 'Deich', 'Hochufer', 'Hauptdeich', 'Sommerdeich',
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254 3 f�r den Wert 'Graben').
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255 Es wird versucht das Bundesland aus dem Dateinamen zu ermitteln,
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256 wenn das Shapefile kein Attribut 'Bundesland' enth�lt.
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257
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258 Linien und Punkte werden in der Datenbank in unterschiedlichen
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259 Tabellen gespeichert.
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260
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261 \subsubsection{Buhnen}
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262 \hspace{5mm}
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263 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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264 Pfad & Geodaesie/Bauwerke/Buhnen.shp \\
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265 Geometrie & POINT \\
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266 Attribute & station (alternativ: km, wsv-km),
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267 z (alternativ: Hoehe, H�he, m+NHN) \\
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268 \end{tabular*}
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269
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270 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' wird f�r
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271 Buhnenkopf (\textit{bkl, bkr, bk}) 0,
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272 f�r Buhnenfu� (\textit{bfl, bfr, bf}) 1 und
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273 f�r Buhnenwurzel (\textit{bwl, bwr, bw}) 2 gesetzt,
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274
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275 \subsubsection{Stationierung}
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276 \hspace{5mm}
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277 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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278 Pfad & Geodaesie/Flussachse+km/km.shp \\
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279 Geometrie & POINT \\
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280 Attribute & km (alternativ: KM), landkm \\
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281 \end{tabular*}
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282
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283 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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284
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285 \subsubsection{�berschwemmungsfl�che}
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286 \hspace{5mm}
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287 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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288 Pfad & Hydrologie/UeSG \\
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289 Geometrie & POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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290 Attribut & diff, count, area, perimeter, GEWAESSER \\
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291 \end{tabular*}
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292
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293 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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294 Das Attribut 'kind' wird nach folgendem Schema gesetzt:
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295
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296 \hspace{5mm}
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297 \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
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298 Unterverzeichnis & Wert \\
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299 \textit{Berechnungen/Aktuell/BfG} & 111 \\
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300 \textit{Berechnungen/Aktuell/Bundesl�nder} & 112 \\
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301 \textit{Berechnungen/Potentiell/BfG} & 121 \\
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302 \textit{Berechnungen/Potentiell/Bundesl�nder} & 122 \\
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303 \textit{Messungen} & 200 \\
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304 \end{tabular}
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305
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306 Das Attribut 'source' wird auf den Namen des Verzeichnisses gesetzt,
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307 indem sich das jeweilige Shapefile befindet.
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308
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309 \subsubsection{Metadaten zu Digitalen Gel�nde-Modellen}
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310 \label{dgm_parser}
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311 \hspace{5mm}
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312 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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313 Pfad & ../DGMs.csv \\
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314 Attribut & Projektion, H�henstatus, Format, Bruchkanten,
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315 Aufl�sung, SRID, Pfad\_Bestand,
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316 km\_von, km\_bis, Jahr\_von, Jahr\_bis \\
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317 \end{tabular*}
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318
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319 Aus der Spalte 'Gew�sser' in DGMs.csv wird entnommen,
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320 f�r welches Gew�sser das angegebene DGM verwendet wird.
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321 Die Spalte muss daher den exakt gleichen Namen enthalten
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322 wie in der *.gew-Datei des Gew�ssers angegeben
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323 (siehe auch Kapitel \ref{start-hydr}).
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324 Die eigentlichen Geo-Daten der DGM werden nicht in die Datenbank importiert.
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325 Diese werden von der Anwendung Dive4Elements River aus dem Dateisystem geholt.
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326
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327 \subsection{Konfiguration}
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328 \label{Konfiguration}
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329 Der Geodaten Importer kann �ber das Skript \textit{./run\_geo.sh}
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330 konfiguriert werden. �ffnen Sie die Datei mit einem Texteditor Ihrer Wahl
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331 und passen Sie ggf.\ folgende Variablen an:
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332
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333 \textbf{HOST}
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334 \\Der Host der Datenbank.
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335
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336 \textbf{BACKEND\_NAME}
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337 \\Der Name der Datenbank Instanz.
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338 Beispielsweise \textit{XE} bei einer Oracle XE Instanz.
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339
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340 \textbf{USER}
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341 \\Der Nutzer, der zum Verbinden zur Datenbank verwendet wird.
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342
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343 \textbf{PASS}
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344 \\Das Passwort f�r USER zum Verbinden zur Datenbank.
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345
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346 In den weiteren Zeilen werden weitere Optionen definiert, die bei Bedarf angepasst
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347 werden k�nnen. Falls nicht anders angegeben, k�nnen die Optionen mit den Werten
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348 `0` und `1` belegt werden.
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349
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350 \textbf{VERBOSE}
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351 \\Dieser Wert gibt die Granularit�t der Log-Ausgaben w�hrend des
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352 Imports an. Je h�her der Wert, desto mehr Informationen werden
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353 in das Logfile geschrieben. Aktuell sind die Werte `0`, `1` und
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354 `2` definiert. Wird der Wert `0` gesetzt, werden nur Fehler und
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355 Warnungen in das Logfile geschrieben. Bei `1` werden neben
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356 Fehlern und Warnungen auch Infos in das Logfile geschrieben. Bei
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357 `2` werden s�mtliche Ausgaben des Programms geschrieben. Dieser
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358 Modus ist haupts�chlich f�r die Entwicklung gedacht.
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359
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360 \textbf{OGR\_CONNECTION}
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361 \\Hiermit kann direkt ein beliebiger Verbindungs-String angegegeben
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362 werden, welcher dann anstatt HOST, USER und PASS verwendet wird.
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363 Diese Option wird direkt an die OGR-Bibliothek weitergegeben und erm�glicht
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364 verbesserte Tests und Entwicklung mit verschiedenen Backends.
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365
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366 \textbf{SKIP\_AXIS}
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367 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Flussachsen importiert.
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368
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369 \textbf{SKIP\_KMS}
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370 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Stationierungen importiert.
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371
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372 \textbf{SKIP\_CROSSSECTIONS}
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373 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Querprofilespuren importiert.
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374
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375 \textbf{SKIP\_FIXPOINTS}
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376 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Festpunkte importiert.
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377
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378 \textbf{SKIP\_BUILDINGS}
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379 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Bauwerke importiert.
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380
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381 \textbf{SKIP\_FLOODPLAINS}
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382 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Talauen importiert.
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383
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384 \textbf{SKIP\_HYDR\_BOUNDARIES}
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385 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine hydrologischen Grenzen importiert.
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386
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387 \textbf{SKIP\_HWS\_LINES}
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388 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden kein Hochwasserschutzanlagen (Liniendaten) importiert.
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389
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390 \textbf{SKIP\_HWS\_POINTS}
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391 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden kein Hochwasserschutzanlagen (Punktdaten) importiert.
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392
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393 \textbf{SKIP\_UESG}
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394 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine �berschwemmungsfl�chen importiert.
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395
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396 \textbf{SKIP\_DGM}
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397 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Metadaten zu Digitalen Gel�ndemodellen importiert.
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398
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399 \textbf{SKIP\_JETTIES}
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400 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Buhnen importiert.
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401
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402 \textbf{SKIP\_FLOODMARKS}
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403 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine HW-Marken importiert.
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404
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405 \subsection{Starten des Geodaten Importers}
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406 \label{Starten des Geodaten Importers}
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407 Der Geodaten Importer wird mittels des Shellskripts,
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408 dass auch f�r die Konfiguration verwendet wird, von einer Konsole
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409 gestartet. Dazu f�hren Sie folgenden Befehl aus:\\
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410
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411 \begin{lstlisting}
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412 sh ./run_geo.sh pfad/zur/beispiel.gew > geo-import.log
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413 \end{lstlisting}
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414
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415 Bez�glich des �bergebenen Pfades siehe auch Kapitel \ref{start-hydr}.
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416 Der Importer wird nun gestartet. S�mtliche Log-Ausgaben werden in die Datei
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417 $geo-import.log$ geschrieben.
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418
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419

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