Mercurial > dive4elements > river

annotate backend/doc/documentation/de/importer-geodaesie.tex @ 9713:aef987124822 3.2.x

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Do not rely on database default for setting hws_lines.official to 0 It's not under the control of the importer whether the field is rendered into an INSERT statement, whether it's actually set or not. If it is unset but rendered into the statement, the field would be set to NULL. Thus, always set it explicitly. While here, remove an unused import.
author Tom Gottfried <tom@intevation.de>
date Fri, 12 Mar 2021 15:11:44 +0100
parents b880a8adc2b2
children
rev   line source
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1 \section{Geodatenimport}
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2
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3 Der Geodaten Importer ist ein in der Programmiersprache Python
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4 geschriebenes Kommandozeilen Werkzeug zum Import von Shapefiles in
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5 eine Datenbank.
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6 Zum Lesen der Shapefiles und zum Schreiben der Geodaten
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7 in die Datenbank wird die GDAL-Bibliothek verwendet.
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8 Um Daten in eine Oracle Datenbank zu importieren ist es nötig, dass
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9 GDAL und GDAL-Python-Bindings mit Oracle-Unterstützung installiert
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10 sind. Bei der Verwendung von PostgreSQL entfällt dieser Schritt.
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11 Weitere Details hierzu befinden sich im
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12 Kapitel \ref{Systemanforderungen} und \ref{Installationsanleitung}.
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13
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14 Der Importer kann mit einem Shellscript von der Kommandozeile gestartet werden
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15 (siehe Kapitel \ref{Starten des Geodaten Importers}). Nach dem Start wird anhand der
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16 Konfiguration festgestellt, welche Klassen von Shapefiles aus dem Dateisystem
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17 importiert werden sollen. Für jede Klasse gibt es einen speziellen
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18 Parser, der die speziellen Attribute eines Shapefiles liest und in die entsprechende
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19 Relation der Datenbank schreibt. Die Parser sind speziell auf das
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20 Dateisystem der BfG ausgerichtet. So wird beispielsweise erwartet, dass die Shapefiles der
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21 Gewässerachse im Ordner $Geodaesie/Flussachse+km$ liegen. Weitere Informationen zu
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22 den einzelnen Parsern sind Kapitel \ref{Beschreibung der Parser} zu
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23 entnehmen.
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24
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25 Damit die Geodaten eines Shapes später eindeutig in der Datenbank identifiziert
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26 werden können, wird für jede Geometrie der Pfad des Shapes im Dateisystem
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27 im Datenbankfeld 'path' gespeichert. Anwendungen, die auf der Datenbank
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28 aufbauen, können die Geodaten eines Shapefiles später anhand dieses Merkmals
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29 gruppieren und anzeigen.
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30
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31 Bitte beachten Sie, dass der Geodaten Importer aufgrund der eingesetzten
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32 Technologien derzeit nicht in der Lage ist, lesend auf die Oracle-Datenbank
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33 zuzugreifen. Entsprechend kann beim Import nicht festgestellt werden, ob sich
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34 die Daten eines Shapefiles bereits in der Datenbank befinden, oder nicht.
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35 Ein erneuter Import der Geodaten würde also dazu führen, dass Geometrien doppelt in der
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36 Datenbank abgelegt werden.
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37
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38 \subsection{Koordination-Transformation}
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39 Für die Transformation der Daten verwendet GDAL wiederum die PROJ4-Bibliothek.
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40 Die Daten werden vor dem Schreiben in die Datenbank alle
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41 in die Gauß-Krüger-Projektion Zone 3 (EPSG-Code 31467) transformiert.
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42 Ist für die zu importierenden Daten keine Projektion ersichtlich
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43 (fehlende \textit{*.prj}-Datei), so findet keine Transformation statt.
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44 Dies führt nur zu Problemen mit dem Fachdienst FLYS, falls die Daten nicht
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45 bereits in der genannten Projektion vorlagen.
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46
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47 Im Falle der Digitalen Geländemodelle (DGM) findet keine Transformation statt,
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48 da zu diesen lediglich Metadaten in der Datenbank gespeichert werden
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49 (siehe Kapitel \ref{dgm_parser}),
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50 während die Daten selbst von der Anwendung Dive4Elements River
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51 aus dem Dateisystem geholt werden.
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52 Für Berechnungen mit den DGM werden die Geometrien aus der Datenbank
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53 in Dive4Elements River in die Projektion des jeweiligen DGM transformiert.
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54 Daher ist es besonders wichtig, dass die Angaben des EPSG-Codes
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55 in der Spalte SRID in DGMs.csv korrekt sind (siehe Kapitel \ref{dgm_parser})
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56
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57 \subsection{Logfile}
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58 Der Erfolg oder Misserfolg eines Shape-Imports wird
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59 im Logfile vermerkt. Folgende Einträge können dem Logfile
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60 entnommen werden:
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61
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62 \textbf{INFO: Inserted \# features}
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63 \\Gibt die Anzahl der erfolgreich importierten Features an.
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64
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65 \textbf{INFO: Failed to create \# features}
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66 \\Gibt die Anzahl der Features an, die nicht importiert werden konnten.
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67
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68 \textbf{INFO: Found 3 unsupported features of type: '...'}
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69 \\Gibt die Anzahl der Features an, die aufgrund ihres Datentyps nicht importiert
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70 werden konnten. Wenn etwa Punkte erwartet wurden aber sich im Shapefile
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71 Polygone befanden.
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72
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73 \textbf{INFO: Did not import values from fields: '...' ...}
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74 \\Der Importer schreibt neben der geographischen Information weitere
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75 Attribut-Daten in die Datenbank.
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76 Attribut-Spalten die nicht importiert wurden (z.B. auf Grund
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77 von Tippfehlern oder unterschiedlicher Schreibweise),
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78 werden wie angegeben im Logfile aufgeführt.
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79
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80 \textbf{ERROR: No source SRS given! No transformation possible!}
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81 \\Das Shapefile enthält keine Information, in welcher Projektion die Geometrien
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82 vorliegen. Es findet keine Transformation in die Zielprojektion statt. Bitte
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83 beachten Sie, dass FLYS diese Geometrien später ggf.\ nicht korrekt darstellen
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84 kann.
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85
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86 \textbf{ERROR: Unable to insert feature: DETAIL}
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87 \\Beim Lesen eines Features ist ein Fehler aufgetreten.
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88 Das Feature konnte nicht in die Datenbank geschrieben werden.
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89
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90 \textbf{ERROR: Exception while committing transaction}
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91 \\Beim Abschluss des Schreib-Vorgangs in die Datenbank ist ein unerwarteter
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92 Fehler aufgetreten. Die Features des Shapes sind nicht importiert worden.
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93
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94 \textbf{ERROR 1: ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied}
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95 \\Es konnte keine Verbindung zur Oracle Datenbank hergestellt werden. Prüfen Sie
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96 die Verbindungseinstellungen.
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97
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98 Weitere Fehler, die von der Oracle-Datenbank kommen, können ebenfalls im
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99 Logfile angezeigt werden.
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100
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101
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102 \subsection{Beschreibung der Parser}
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103 \label{Beschreibung der Parser}
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104
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105 Wie im letzten Kapitel beschrieben, sind die Parser speziell an das Dateisystem
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106 der BfG angepasst. Im Folgenden werden zu jedem Parser folgende Informationen
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107 angegeben:
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108
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109 \textbf{Pfad}
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110 \\Der Pfad, in dem die Shapefiles im Dateisystem abgelegt sein müssen (ausgehend
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111 vom Gewässer Verzeichnis).
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112
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113 \textbf{Geometrie}
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114 \\Der Geometrie Typ, der für diese Klasse von Shapefiles erwartet wird.
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115
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116 \textbf{Attribute}
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117 \\Eine Liste der Attribute, die vom Parser aus dem Shape gelesen werden.
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118 In Klammern als alternativ bezeichnete Attribut-Namen werden in
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119 das gleiche Datenbankfeld geschrieben, wie das vorgenannte Feld.
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120 Die alternativen Namen werden vom Importer zusätzlich unterstützt,
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121 um Dateien aus dem heterogenen Bestand der BfG unverändert
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122 importieren zu können.
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123
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124 Zudem werden Datenbank-Attribute beschrieben, die nicht direkt aus
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125 Attribut-Spalten des Shapefiles gelesen werden.
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126
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127 \subsubsection{Achsen}
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128 \hspace{5mm}
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129 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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130 Pfad & Geodaesie/Flussachse+km \\
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131 Geometrie & LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING \\
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132 \end{tabular*}
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133
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134 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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135 Zusätzlich wird das Attribut 'kind\_id' gesetzt, welches
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136 für die aktuelle Achse (\textit{achse.shp}) 1 ist
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137 und für sonstige Achsen (weitere Linien-Shapes) 2.
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138
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139 Hinweis:
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140 Da die Layer-Konfiguration (Mapfiles) für die Flussachsen beim Start des
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141 Artefakt-Servers generiert werden, muss der Artefakt-Server neugestartet
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142 werden um die Flussachse in der Anwendung darstellen zu können.
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143
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144 \subsubsection{Hydr. Grenzen}
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145 \hspace{5mm}
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146 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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147 Pfad & Hydrologie/Hydr.Grenzen \\
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148 Geometrie & LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING, POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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149 Attribute & SECTIE, STROVOER \\
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150 \end{tabular*}
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151
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152 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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153 Das Attribut 'kind' wird 1 gesetzt für Daten aus dem
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154 Unterverzeichnis \textit{Linien/BfG},
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155 2 für Daten aus \textit{Linien/Land},
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156 3 für Daten aus \textit{Sonstige}
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157 und für alle übrigen 0.
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158 Ausgenommen sind Dateien, in deren Namen 'Talaue'
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159 (Groß-Klein-Schreibung irrelevant) vorkommt.
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160
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161 Linien und Polygone werden in der Datenbank in unterschiedlichen
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162 Tabellen gespeichert.
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163
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164 \subsubsection{Bauwerke}
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165 \hspace{5mm}
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166 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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167 Pfad & Geodaesie/Bauwerke \\
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168 Geometrie & LINESTRING \\
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169 Attribute & Name (alternativ: KWNAAM),
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170 km (alternativ: station, wsv-km),
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171 z (alternativ: Höhe, Hoehe, m+NHN)\\
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172 \end{tabular*}
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173
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174 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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175 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' ist 0 für Sonstige,
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176 1 für Brücken, 2 für Wehre, 3 für Pegel.
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177 Es wird aus dem Dateinamen hergeleitet
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178 (\textit{bruecken.shp, wehre.shp, pegel.shp},
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179 teilweise auch alternative Schreibweisen unterstützt)
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180 oder je Feature gesetzt, wenn in einer Attributspalte
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181 die Werte 'bruecke' und 'wehr'
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182 (teilweise auch alternative Schreibweisen unterstützt) vorkommen.
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183 Ausgenommen sind Dateien, in deren Namen 'Buhnen'
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184 (Groß-Klein-Schreibung irrelevant) vorkommt.
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185
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186 \subsubsection{Querprofilspuren}
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187 \hspace{5mm}
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188 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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189 Pfad & Geodaesie/Querprofile \\
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190 Geometrie & LINESTRING \\
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191 Attribute & KILOMETER (alternativ: KM, STATION), ELEVATION \\
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192 \end{tabular*}
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193
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194 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' wird 1 gesetzt für die Datei \textit{qps.shp} (aktuelle Querprofilspuren)
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195 und 0 für alle weiteren.
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196
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197 \subsubsection{Festpunkte}
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198 \hspace{5mm}
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199 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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200 Pfad & Geodaesie/Festpunkte \\
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201 Geometrie & POINT \\
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202 Attribute & KM (alternativ: ELBE\_KM), X, Y, HPGP (alternativ: ART) \\
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203 \end{tabular*}
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204
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205 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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206
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207 \subsubsection{Hochwassermarken}
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208 \hspace{5mm}
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209 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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210 Pfad & Hydrologie/HW-Marken/hw-marken.shp \\
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211 Geometrie & POINT \\
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212 Attribute & Ort (alternativ: Pegel),
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213 km (alternativ: station, wsv-km, FlussKm),
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214 z (alternativ: z mit anschließender Zahl, m+NHN)\\
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215 \end{tabular*}
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216
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217 Groß-Klein-Schreibung im Dateinamen ist irrelevant.
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218 Für das Attribut 'year' wird im Dateinamen nach einer Jahreszahl
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219 nach folgendem Muster gesucht: \textit{\_YYYY\_} oder \textit{-YYYY-}.
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220 Gelingt dies nicht, erscheint im Logfile die Warnung
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221 'Could not extract year from filename: ...'.
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222
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223 \subsubsection{Talaue}
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224 \hspace{5mm}
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225 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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226 Pfad & Hydrologie/Hydr.Grenzen \\
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227 Geometrie & POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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228 \end{tabular*}
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229
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230 Es werden nur Dateien betrachtet, in deren Namen das Wort 'Talaue'
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231 (Groß-Klein-Schreibung irrelevant) vorkommt.
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232 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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233 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' wird 1 gesetzt für die Datei \textit{talaue.shp} (aktuelle Talaue)
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234 und 0 für alle weiteren.
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235
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236 \subsubsection{Hochwasserschutzanlagen}
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237 \hspace{5mm}
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238 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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239 Pfad & Hydrologie/HW-Schutzanlagen \\
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240 Geometrie & LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING, POINT \\
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241 Attribute & Name, Art, Quelle, Anmerkung, Stand, Verband,
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242 km (alternativ: Deich\_km), Bereich,
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243 Hoehe\_ist, Hoehe\_soll, WSP\_Bfg100, Bundesland
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244 (Teilweise auch alternative Schreibweisen unterstützt)\\
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245 \end{tabular*}
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246
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247 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt,
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248 wenn kein Attribut 'Name' im Shapefile vorhanden ist.
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249 Das Feld 'kind\_id' wird per Default auf 2 (für Damm) gesetzt.
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250 Wird ein Attribut 'ART' im Shapefile gefunden,
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251 so wird 'kind\_id' entsprechend dieses Feldes gesetzt
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252 (1 für die Werte 'Durchlass', 'Rohr1', 'Rohr 1', 'Rohr 2',
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253 2 für die Werte 'Damm', 'Deich', 'Hochufer', 'Hauptdeich', 'Sommerdeich',
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254 3 für den Wert 'Graben').
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255 Es wird versucht das Bundesland aus dem Dateinamen zu ermitteln,
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256 wenn das Shapefile kein Attribut 'Bundesland' enthält.
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257
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258 Linien und Punkte werden in der Datenbank in unterschiedlichen
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259 Tabellen gespeichert.
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260
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261 \subsubsection{Buhnen}
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262 \hspace{5mm}
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263 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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264 Pfad & Geodaesie/Bauwerke/Buhnen.shp \\
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265 Geometrie & POINT \\
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266 Attribute & station (alternativ: km, wsv-km),
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267 z (alternativ: Hoehe, Höhe, m+NHN) \\
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268 \end{tabular*}
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269
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270 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' wird für
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271 Buhnenkopf (\textit{bkl, bkr, bk}) 0,
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272 für Buhnenfuß (\textit{bfl, bfr, bf}) 1 und
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273 für Buhnenwurzel (\textit{bwl, bwr, bw}) 2 gesetzt,
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274
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275 \subsubsection{Stationierung}
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276 \hspace{5mm}
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277 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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278 Pfad & Geodaesie/Flussachse+km/km.shp \\
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279 Geometrie & POINT \\
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280 Attribute & km (alternativ: KM), landkm \\
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281 \end{tabular*}
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282
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283 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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284
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285 \subsubsection{Überschwemmungsfläche}
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286 \hspace{5mm}
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287 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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288 Pfad & Hydrologie/UeSG \\
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289 Geometrie & POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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290 Attribut & diff, count, area, perimeter, GEWAESSER \\
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291 \end{tabular*}
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292
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293 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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294 Das Attribut 'kind' wird nach folgendem Schema gesetzt:
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295
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296 \hspace{5mm}
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297 \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
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298 Unterverzeichnis & Wert \\
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299 \textit{Berechnungen/Aktuell/BfG} & 111 \\
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300 \textit{Berechnungen/Aktuell/Bundesländer} & 112 \\
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301 \textit{Berechnungen/Potentiell/BfG} & 121 \\
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302 \textit{Berechnungen/Potentiell/Bundesländer} & 122 \\
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303 \textit{Messungen} & 200 \\
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304 \end{tabular}
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305
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306 Das Attribut 'source' wird auf den Namen des Verzeichnisses gesetzt,
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307 indem sich das jeweilige Shapefile befindet.
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308
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309 \subsubsection{Metadaten zu Digitalen Gelände-Modellen}
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310 \label{dgm_parser}
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311 \hspace{5mm}
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312 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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313 Pfad & ../DGMs.csv \\
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314 Attribut & Projektion, Höhenstatus, Format, Bruchkanten,
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315 Auflösung, SRID, Pfad\_Bestand,
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316 km\_von, km\_bis, Jahr\_von, Jahr\_bis \\
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317 \end{tabular*}
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318
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319 Aus der Spalte 'Gewässer' in DGMs.csv wird entnommen,
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320 für welches Gewässer das angegebene DGM verwendet wird.
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321 Die Spalte muss daher den exakt gleichen Namen enthalten
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322 wie in der *.gew-Datei des Gewässers angegeben
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323 (siehe auch Kapitel \ref{start-hydr}).
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324 Die eigentlichen Geo-Daten der DGM werden nicht in die Datenbank importiert.
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325 Diese werden von der Anwendung Dive4Elements River aus dem Dateisystem geholt.
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326
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327 \subsection{Konfiguration}
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328 \label{Konfiguration}
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329 Der Geodaten Importer kann über das Skript \textit{./run\_geo.sh}
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330 konfiguriert werden. Öffnen Sie die Datei mit einem Texteditor Ihrer Wahl
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331 und passen Sie ggf.\ folgende Variablen an:
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332
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333 \textbf{HOST}
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334 \\Der Host der Datenbank.
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335
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336 \textbf{BACKEND\_NAME}
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337 \\Der Name der Datenbank Instanz.
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338 Beispielsweise \textit{XE} bei einer Oracle XE Instanz.
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339
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340 \textbf{USER}
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341 \\Der Nutzer, der zum Verbinden zur Datenbank verwendet wird.
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342
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343 \textbf{PASS}
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344 \\Das Passwort für USER zum Verbinden zur Datenbank.
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345
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346 In den weiteren Zeilen werden weitere Optionen definiert, die bei Bedarf angepasst
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347 werden können. Falls nicht anders angegeben, können die Optionen mit den Werten
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348 `0` und `1` belegt werden.
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349
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350 \textbf{VERBOSE}
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351 \\Dieser Wert gibt die Granularität der Log-Ausgaben während des
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352 Imports an. Je höher der Wert, desto mehr Informationen werden
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353 in das Logfile geschrieben. Aktuell sind die Werte `0`, `1` und
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354 `2` definiert. Wird der Wert `0` gesetzt, werden nur Fehler und
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355 Warnungen in das Logfile geschrieben. Bei `1` werden neben
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356 Fehlern und Warnungen auch Infos in das Logfile geschrieben. Bei
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357 `2` werden sämtliche Ausgaben des Programms geschrieben. Dieser
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358 Modus ist hauptsächlich für die Entwicklung gedacht.
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359
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360 \textbf{OGR\_CONNECTION}
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361 \\Hiermit kann direkt ein beliebiger Verbindungs-String angegegeben
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362 werden, welcher dann anstatt HOST, USER und PASS verwendet wird.
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363 Diese Option wird direkt an die OGR-Bibliothek weitergegeben und ermöglicht
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364 verbesserte Tests und Entwicklung mit verschiedenen Backends.
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365
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366 \textbf{SKIP\_AXIS}
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367 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Flussachsen importiert.
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368
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369 \textbf{SKIP\_KMS}
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370 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Stationierungen importiert.
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371
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372 \textbf{SKIP\_CROSSSECTIONS}
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373 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Querprofilespuren importiert.
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374
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375 \textbf{SKIP\_FIXPOINTS}
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376 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Festpunkte importiert.
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377
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378 \textbf{SKIP\_BUILDINGS}
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379 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Bauwerke importiert.
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380
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381 \textbf{SKIP\_FLOODPLAINS}
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382 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Talauen importiert.
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383
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384 \textbf{SKIP\_HYDR\_BOUNDARIES}
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385 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine hydrologischen Grenzen importiert.
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386
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387 \textbf{SKIP\_HWS\_LINES}
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388 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden kein Hochwasserschutzanlagen (Liniendaten) importiert.
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389
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390 \textbf{SKIP\_HWS\_POINTS}
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391 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden kein Hochwasserschutzanlagen (Punktdaten) importiert.
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392
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393 \textbf{SKIP\_UESG}
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394 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Überschwemmungsflächen importiert.
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395
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396 \textbf{SKIP\_DGM}
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397 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Metadaten zu Digitalen Geländemodellen importiert.
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398
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399 \textbf{SKIP\_JETTIES}
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400 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Buhnen importiert.
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401
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402 \textbf{SKIP\_FLOODMARKS}
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403 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine HW-Marken importiert.
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404
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405 \subsection{Starten des Geodaten Importers}
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406 \label{Starten des Geodaten Importers}
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407 Der Geodaten Importer wird mittels des Shellskripts,
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408 dass auch für die Konfiguration verwendet wird, von einer Konsole
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409 gestartet. Dazu führen Sie folgenden Befehl aus:\\
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410
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411 \begin{lstlisting}
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412 sh ./run_geo.sh pfad/zur/beispiel.gew > geo-import.log
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413 \end{lstlisting}
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414
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415 Bezüglich des übergebenen Pfades siehe auch Kapitel \ref{start-hydr}.
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416 Der Importer wird nun gestartet. Sämtliche Log-Ausgaben werden in die Datei
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417 $geo-import.log$ geschrieben.
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418
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419
http://dive4elements.wald.intevation.org