Mercurial > dive4elements > river

annotate backend/doc/documentation/de/importer-geodaesie.tex @ 9712:b880a8adc2b2 3.2.x

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Convert importer documentation sources to UTF-8 Needs escaping extended characters like "%*ü*)" in listings.
author Tom Gottfried <tom@intevation.de>
date Thu, 04 Mar 2021 13:05:19 +0100
parents 21e276cef740
children
rev   line source
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1 \section{Geodatenimport}
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2
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3 Der Geodaten Importer ist ein in der Programmiersprache Python
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4 geschriebenes Kommandozeilen Werkzeug zum Import von Shapefiles in
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5 eine Datenbank.
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6 Zum Lesen der Shapefiles und zum Schreiben der Geodaten
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7 in die Datenbank wird die GDAL-Bibliothek verwendet.
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8 Um Daten in eine Oracle Datenbank zu importieren ist es nötig, dass
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9 GDAL und GDAL-Python-Bindings mit Oracle-Unterstützung installiert
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10 sind. Bei der Verwendung von PostgreSQL entfällt dieser Schritt.
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11 Weitere Details hierzu befinden sich im
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12 Kapitel \ref{Systemanforderungen} und \ref{Installationsanleitung}.
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13
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14 Der Importer kann mit einem Shellscript von der Kommandozeile gestartet werden
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15 (siehe Kapitel \ref{Starten des Geodaten Importers}). Nach dem Start wird anhand der
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16 Konfiguration festgestellt, welche Klassen von Shapefiles aus dem Dateisystem
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17 importiert werden sollen. Für jede Klasse gibt es einen speziellen
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18 Parser, der die speziellen Attribute eines Shapefiles liest und in die entsprechende
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19 Relation der Datenbank schreibt. Die Parser sind speziell auf das
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20 Dateisystem der BfG ausgerichtet. So wird beispielsweise erwartet, dass die Shapefiles der
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21 Gewässerachse im Ordner $Geodaesie/Flussachse+km$ liegen. Weitere Informationen zu
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22 den einzelnen Parsern sind Kapitel \ref{Beschreibung der Parser} zu
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23 entnehmen.
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24
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25 Damit die Geodaten eines Shapes später eindeutig in der Datenbank identifiziert
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26 werden können, wird für jede Geometrie der Pfad des Shapes im Dateisystem
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27 im Datenbankfeld 'path' gespeichert. Anwendungen, die auf der Datenbank
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28 aufbauen, können die Geodaten eines Shapefiles später anhand dieses Merkmals
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29 gruppieren und anzeigen.
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30
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31 Bitte beachten Sie, dass der Geodaten Importer aufgrund der eingesetzten
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32 Technologien derzeit nicht in der Lage ist, lesend auf die Oracle-Datenbank
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33 zuzugreifen. Entsprechend kann beim Import nicht festgestellt werden, ob sich
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34 die Daten eines Shapefiles bereits in der Datenbank befinden, oder nicht.
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35 Ein erneuter Import der Geodaten würde also dazu führen, dass Geometrien doppelt in der
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36 Datenbank abgelegt werden.
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37
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38 \subsection{Koordination-Transformation}
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39 Für die Transformation der Daten verwendet GDAL wiederum die PROJ4-Bibliothek.
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40 Die Daten werden vor dem Schreiben in die Datenbank alle
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41 in die Gauß-Krüger-Projektion Zone 3 (EPSG-Code 31467) transformiert.
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42 Ist für die zu importierenden Daten keine Projektion ersichtlich
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43 (fehlende \textit{*.prj}-Datei), so findet keine Transformation statt.
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44 Dies führt nur zu Problemen mit dem Fachdienst FLYS, falls die Daten nicht
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45 bereits in der genannten Projektion vorlagen.
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46
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47 Im Falle der Digitalen Geländemodelle (DGM) findet keine Transformation statt,
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48 da zu diesen lediglich Metadaten in der Datenbank gespeichert werden
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49 (siehe Kapitel \ref{dgm_parser}),
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50 während die Daten selbst von der Anwendung Dive4Elements River
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51 aus dem Dateisystem geholt werden.
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52 Für Berechnungen mit den DGM werden die Geometrien aus der Datenbank
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53 in Dive4Elements River in die Projektion des jeweiligen DGM transformiert.
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54 Daher ist es besonders wichtig, dass die Angaben des EPSG-Codes
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55 in der Spalte SRID in DGMs.csv korrekt sind (siehe Kapitel \ref{dgm_parser})
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56
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57 \subsection{Logfile}
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58 Der Erfolg oder Misserfolg eines Shape-Imports wird
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59 im Logfile vermerkt. Folgende Einträge können dem Logfile
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60 entnommen werden:
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61
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62 \textbf{INFO: Inserted \# features}
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63 \\Gibt die Anzahl der erfolgreich importierten Features an.
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64
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65 \textbf{INFO: Failed to create \# features}
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66 \\Gibt die Anzahl der Features an, die nicht importiert werden konnten.
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67
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68 \textbf{INFO: Found 3 unsupported features of type: '...'}
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69 \\Gibt die Anzahl der Features an, die aufgrund ihres Datentyps nicht importiert
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70 werden konnten. Wenn etwa Punkte erwartet wurden aber sich im Shapefile
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71 Polygone befanden.
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72
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73 \textbf{INFO: Did not import values from fields: '...' ...}
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74 \\Der Importer schreibt neben der geographischen Information weitere
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75 Attribut-Daten in die Datenbank.
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76 Attribut-Spalten die nicht importiert wurden (z.B. auf Grund
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77 von Tippfehlern oder unterschiedlicher Schreibweise),
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78 werden wie angegeben im Logfile aufgeführt.
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79
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80 \textbf{ERROR: No source SRS given! No transformation possible!}
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81 \\Das Shapefile enthält keine Information, in welcher Projektion die Geometrien
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82 vorliegen. Es findet keine Transformation in die Zielprojektion statt. Bitte
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83 beachten Sie, dass FLYS diese Geometrien später ggf.\ nicht korrekt darstellen
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84 kann.
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85
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86 \textbf{ERROR: Unable to insert feature: DETAIL}
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87 \\Beim Lesen eines Features ist ein Fehler aufgetreten.
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88 Das Feature konnte nicht in die Datenbank geschrieben werden.
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89
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90 \textbf{ERROR: Exception while committing transaction}
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91 \\Beim Abschluss des Schreib-Vorgangs in die Datenbank ist ein unerwarteter
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92 Fehler aufgetreten. Die Features des Shapes sind nicht importiert worden.
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93
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94 \textbf{ERROR 1: ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied}
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95 \\Es konnte keine Verbindung zur Oracle Datenbank hergestellt werden. Prüfen Sie
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96 die Verbindungseinstellungen.
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97
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98 Weitere Fehler, die von der Oracle-Datenbank kommen, können ebenfalls im
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99 Logfile angezeigt werden.
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100
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101
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102 \subsection{Beschreibung der Parser}
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103 \label{Beschreibung der Parser}
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104
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105 Wie im letzten Kapitel beschrieben, sind die Parser speziell an das Dateisystem
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106 der BfG angepasst. Im Folgenden werden zu jedem Parser folgende Informationen
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107 angegeben:
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108
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109 \textbf{Pfad}
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110 \\Der Pfad, in dem die Shapefiles im Dateisystem abgelegt sein müssen (ausgehend
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111 vom Gewässer Verzeichnis).
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112
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113 \textbf{Geometrie}
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114 \\Der Geometrie Typ, der für diese Klasse von Shapefiles erwartet wird.
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115
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116 \textbf{Attribute}
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117 \\Eine Liste der Attribute, die vom Parser aus dem Shape gelesen werden.
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118 In Klammern als alternativ bezeichnete Attribut-Namen werden in
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119 das gleiche Datenbankfeld geschrieben, wie das vorgenannte Feld.
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120 Die alternativen Namen werden vom Importer zusätzlich unterstützt,
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121 um Dateien aus dem heterogenen Bestand der BfG unverändert
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122 importieren zu können.
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123
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124 Zudem werden Datenbank-Attribute beschrieben, die nicht direkt aus
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125 Attribut-Spalten des Shapefiles gelesen werden.
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126
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127 \subsubsection{Achsen}
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128 \hspace{5mm}
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129 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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130 Pfad & Geodaesie/Flussachse+km \\
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131 Geometrie & LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING \\
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132 \end{tabular*}
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133
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134 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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135 Zusätzlich wird das Attribut 'kind\_id' gesetzt, welches
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136 für die aktuelle Achse (\textit{achse.shp}) 1 ist
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137 und für sonstige Achsen (weitere Linien-Shapes) 2.
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138
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139 Hinweis:
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140 Da die Layer-Konfiguration (Mapfiles) für die Flussachsen beim Start des
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141 Artefakt-Servers generiert werden, muss der Artefakt-Server neugestartet
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142 werden um die Flussachse in der Anwendung darstellen zu können.
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143
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144 \subsubsection{Hydr. Grenzen}
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145 \hspace{5mm}
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146 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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147 Pfad & Hydrologie/Hydr.Grenzen \\
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148 Geometrie & LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING, POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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149 Attribute & SECTIE, STROVOER \\
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150 \end{tabular*}
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151
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152 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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153 Das Attribut 'kind' wird 1 gesetzt für Daten aus dem
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154 Unterverzeichnis \textit{Linien/BfG},
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155 2 für Daten aus \textit{Linien/Land},
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156 3 für Daten aus \textit{Sonstige}
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157 und für alle übrigen 0.
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158 Ausgenommen sind Dateien, in deren Namen 'Talaue'
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159 (Groß-Klein-Schreibung irrelevant) vorkommt.
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160
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161 Linien und Polygone werden in der Datenbank in unterschiedlichen
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162 Tabellen gespeichert.
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163
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164 \subsubsection{Bauwerke}
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165 \hspace{5mm}
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166 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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167 Pfad & Geodaesie/Bauwerke \\
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168 Geometrie & LINESTRING \\
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169 Attribute & Name (alternativ: KWNAAM),
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170 km (alternativ: station, wsv-km),
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171 z (alternativ: Höhe, Hoehe, m+NHN)\\
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172 \end{tabular*}
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173
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174 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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175 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' ist 0 für Sonstige,
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176 1 für Brücken, 2 für Wehre, 3 für Pegel.
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177 Es wird aus dem Dateinamen hergeleitet
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178 (\textit{bruecken.shp, wehre.shp, pegel.shp},
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179 teilweise auch alternative Schreibweisen unterstützt)
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180 oder je Feature gesetzt, wenn in einer Attributspalte
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181 die Werte 'bruecke' und 'wehr'
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182 (teilweise auch alternative Schreibweisen unterstützt) vorkommen.
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183 Ausgenommen sind Dateien, in deren Namen 'Buhnen'
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184 (Groß-Klein-Schreibung irrelevant) vorkommt.
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185
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186 \subsubsection{Querprofilspuren}
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187 \hspace{5mm}
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188 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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189 Pfad & Geodaesie/Querprofile \\
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190 Geometrie & LINESTRING \\
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191 Attribute & KILOMETER (alternativ: KM, STATION), ELEVATION \\
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192 \end{tabular*}
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193
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194 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' wird 1 gesetzt für die Datei \textit{qps.shp} (aktuelle Querprofilspuren)
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195 und 0 für alle weiteren.
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196
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197 \subsubsection{Festpunkte}
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198 \hspace{5mm}
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199 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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200 Pfad & Geodaesie/Festpunkte \\
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201 Geometrie & POINT \\
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202 Attribute & KM (alternativ: ELBE\_KM), X, Y, HPGP (alternativ: ART) \\
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203 \end{tabular*}
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204
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205 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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206
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207 \subsubsection{Hochwassermarken}
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208 \hspace{5mm}
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209 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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210 Pfad & Hydrologie/HW-Marken/hw-marken.shp \\
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211 Geometrie & POINT \\
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212 Attribute & Ort (alternativ: Pegel),
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213 km (alternativ: station, wsv-km, FlussKm),
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214 z (alternativ: z mit anschließender Zahl, m+NHN)\\
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215 \end{tabular*}
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216
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217 Groß-Klein-Schreibung im Dateinamen ist irrelevant.
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218 Für das Attribut 'year' wird im Dateinamen nach einer Jahreszahl
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219 nach folgendem Muster gesucht: \textit{\_YYYY\_} oder \textit{-YYYY-}.
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220 Gelingt dies nicht, erscheint im Logfile die Warnung
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221 'Could not extract year from filename: ...'.
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222
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223 \subsubsection{Talaue}
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224 \hspace{5mm}
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225 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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226 Pfad & Hydrologie/Hydr.Grenzen \\
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227 Geometrie & POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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228 \end{tabular*}
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229
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230 Es werden nur Dateien betrachtet, in deren Namen das Wort 'Talaue'
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231 (Groß-Klein-Schreibung irrelevant) vorkommt.
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232 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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233 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' wird 1 gesetzt für die Datei \textit{talaue.shp} (aktuelle Talaue)
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234 und 0 für alle weiteren.
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235
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236 \subsubsection{Hochwasserschutzanlagen}
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237 \hspace{5mm}
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238 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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239 Pfad & Hydrologie/HW-Schutzanlagen \\
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240 Geometrie & LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING, POINT \\
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241 Attribute & Name, Art, Quelle, Anmerkung, Stand, Verband,
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242 km (alternativ: Deich\_km), Bereich,
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243 Hoehe\_ist, Hoehe\_soll, WSP\_Bfg100, Bundesland
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244 (Teilweise auch alternative Schreibweisen unterstützt)\\
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245 \end{tabular*}
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246
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247 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt,
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248 wenn kein Attribut 'Name' im Shapefile vorhanden ist.
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249 Das Feld 'kind\_id' wird per Default auf 2 (für Damm) gesetzt.
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250 Wird ein Attribut 'ART' im Shapefile gefunden,
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251 so wird 'kind\_id' entsprechend dieses Feldes gesetzt
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252 (1 für die Werte 'Durchlass', 'Rohr1', 'Rohr 1', 'Rohr 2',
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253 2 für die Werte 'Damm', 'Deich', 'Hochufer', 'Hauptdeich', 'Sommerdeich',
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254 3 für den Wert 'Graben').
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255 Es wird versucht das Bundesland aus dem Dateinamen zu ermitteln,
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256 wenn das Shapefile kein Attribut 'Bundesland' enthält.
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257
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258 Linien und Punkte werden in der Datenbank in unterschiedlichen
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259 Tabellen gespeichert.
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260
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261 \subsubsection{Buhnen}
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262 \hspace{5mm}
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263 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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264 Pfad & Geodaesie/Bauwerke/Buhnen.shp \\
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265 Geometrie & POINT \\
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266 Attribute & station (alternativ: km, wsv-km),
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267 z (alternativ: Hoehe, Höhe, m+NHN) \\
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268 \end{tabular*}
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269
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270 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' wird für
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271 Buhnenkopf (\textit{bkl, bkr, bk}) 0,
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272 für Buhnenfuß (\textit{bfl, bfr, bf}) 1 und
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273 für Buhnenwurzel (\textit{bwl, bwr, bw}) 2 gesetzt,
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274
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275 \subsubsection{Stationierung}
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276 \hspace{5mm}
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277 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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278 Pfad & Geodaesie/Flussachse+km/km.shp \\
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279 Geometrie & POINT \\
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280 Attribute & km (alternativ: KM), landkm \\
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281 \end{tabular*}
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282
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283 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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284
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285 \subsubsection{Überschwemmungsfläche}
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286 \hspace{5mm}
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287 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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288 Pfad & Hydrologie/UeSG \\
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289 Geometrie & POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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290 Attribut & diff, count, area, perimeter, GEWAESSER \\
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291 \end{tabular*}
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292
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293 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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294 Das Attribut 'kind' wird nach folgendem Schema gesetzt:
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295
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296 \hspace{5mm}
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297 \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
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298 Unterverzeichnis & Wert \\
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299 \textit{Berechnungen/Aktuell/BfG} & 111 \\
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300 \textit{Berechnungen/Aktuell/Bundesländer} & 112 \\
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301 \textit{Berechnungen/Potentiell/BfG} & 121 \\
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302 \textit{Berechnungen/Potentiell/Bundesländer} & 122 \\
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303 \textit{Messungen} & 200 \\
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304 \end{tabular}
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305
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306 Das Attribut 'source' wird auf den Namen des Verzeichnisses gesetzt,
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307 indem sich das jeweilige Shapefile befindet.
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308
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309 \subsubsection{Metadaten zu Digitalen Gelände-Modellen}
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310 \label{dgm_parser}
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311 \hspace{5mm}
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312 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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313 Pfad & ../DGMs.csv \\
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314 Attribut & Projektion, Höhenstatus, Format, Bruchkanten,
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315 Auflösung, SRID, Pfad\_Bestand,
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316 km\_von, km\_bis, Jahr\_von, Jahr\_bis \\
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317 \end{tabular*}
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318
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319 Aus der Spalte 'Gewässer' in DGMs.csv wird entnommen,
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320 für welches Gewässer das angegebene DGM verwendet wird.
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321 Die Spalte muss daher den exakt gleichen Namen enthalten
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322 wie in der *.gew-Datei des Gewässers angegeben
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323 (siehe auch Kapitel \ref{start-hydr}).
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324 Die eigentlichen Geo-Daten der DGM werden nicht in die Datenbank importiert.
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325 Diese werden von der Anwendung Dive4Elements River aus dem Dateisystem geholt.
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326
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327 \subsection{Konfiguration}
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328 \label{Konfiguration}
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329 Der Geodaten Importer kann über das Skript \textit{./run\_geo.sh}
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330 konfiguriert werden. Öffnen Sie die Datei mit einem Texteditor Ihrer Wahl
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331 und passen Sie ggf.\ folgende Variablen an:
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332
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333 \textbf{HOST}
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334 \\Der Host der Datenbank.
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335
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336 \textbf{BACKEND\_NAME}
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337 \\Der Name der Datenbank Instanz.
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338 Beispielsweise \textit{XE} bei einer Oracle XE Instanz.
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339
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340 \textbf{USER}
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341 \\Der Nutzer, der zum Verbinden zur Datenbank verwendet wird.
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342
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343 \textbf{PASS}
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344 \\Das Passwort für USER zum Verbinden zur Datenbank.
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345
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346 In den weiteren Zeilen werden weitere Optionen definiert, die bei Bedarf angepasst
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347 werden können. Falls nicht anders angegeben, können die Optionen mit den Werten
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348 `0` und `1` belegt werden.
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349
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350 \textbf{VERBOSE}
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351 \\Dieser Wert gibt die Granularität der Log-Ausgaben während des
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352 Imports an. Je höher der Wert, desto mehr Informationen werden
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353 in das Logfile geschrieben. Aktuell sind die Werte `0`, `1` und
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354 `2` definiert. Wird der Wert `0` gesetzt, werden nur Fehler und
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355 Warnungen in das Logfile geschrieben. Bei `1` werden neben
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356 Fehlern und Warnungen auch Infos in das Logfile geschrieben. Bei
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357 `2` werden sämtliche Ausgaben des Programms geschrieben. Dieser
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358 Modus ist hauptsächlich für die Entwicklung gedacht.
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359
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360 \textbf{OGR\_CONNECTION}
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361 \\Hiermit kann direkt ein beliebiger Verbindungs-String angegegeben
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362 werden, welcher dann anstatt HOST, USER und PASS verwendet wird.
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363 Diese Option wird direkt an die OGR-Bibliothek weitergegeben und ermöglicht
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364 verbesserte Tests und Entwicklung mit verschiedenen Backends.
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365
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366 \textbf{SKIP\_AXIS}
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367 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Flussachsen importiert.
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368
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369 \textbf{SKIP\_KMS}
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370 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Stationierungen importiert.
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371
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372 \textbf{SKIP\_CROSSSECTIONS}
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373 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Querprofilespuren importiert.
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374
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375 \textbf{SKIP\_FIXPOINTS}
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376 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Festpunkte importiert.
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377
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378 \textbf{SKIP\_BUILDINGS}
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379 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Bauwerke importiert.
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380
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381 \textbf{SKIP\_FLOODPLAINS}
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382 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Talauen importiert.
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383
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384 \textbf{SKIP\_HYDR\_BOUNDARIES}
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385 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine hydrologischen Grenzen importiert.
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386
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387 \textbf{SKIP\_HWS\_LINES}
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388 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden kein Hochwasserschutzanlagen (Liniendaten) importiert.
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389
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390 \textbf{SKIP\_HWS\_POINTS}
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391 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden kein Hochwasserschutzanlagen (Punktdaten) importiert.
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392
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393 \textbf{SKIP\_UESG}
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394 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Überschwemmungsflächen importiert.
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395
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396 \textbf{SKIP\_DGM}
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397 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Metadaten zu Digitalen Geländemodellen importiert.
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398
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399 \textbf{SKIP\_JETTIES}
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400 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Buhnen importiert.
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401
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402 \textbf{SKIP\_FLOODMARKS}
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403 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine HW-Marken importiert.
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404
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405 \subsection{Starten des Geodaten Importers}
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406 \label{Starten des Geodaten Importers}
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407 Der Geodaten Importer wird mittels des Shellskripts,
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408 dass auch für die Konfiguration verwendet wird, von einer Konsole
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409 gestartet. Dazu führen Sie folgenden Befehl aus:\\
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410
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411 \begin{lstlisting}
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412 sh ./run_geo.sh pfad/zur/beispiel.gew > geo-import.log
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413 \end{lstlisting}
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414
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415 Bezüglich des übergebenen Pfades siehe auch Kapitel \ref{start-hydr}.
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416 Der Importer wird nun gestartet. Sämtliche Log-Ausgaben werden in die Datei
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417 $geo-import.log$ geschrieben.
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418
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419
http://dive4elements.wald.intevation.org