Mercurial > dive4elements > river

annotate backend/doc/documentation/de/importer-geodaesie.tex @ 7471:fff862f4ef76

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Experimental caching of datacage recommendations. The respective hook is called a lot and running the datacage over and over again when loading data can be expensive. So the generated recommendations are cached for some time. Hopefully this improves the overall speed of loading data from the datacage.
author Sascha L. Teichmann <teichmann@intevation.de>
date Wed, 30 Oct 2013 15:26:21 +0100
parents e5e25586189c
children 884617654878
rev   line source
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1 \section{Geodatenimport}
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2
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3 Der Geodaten Importer ist ein in der Programmiersprache Python
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4 geschriebenes Kommandozeilen Werkzeug zum Import von Shapefiles in
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5 eine Datenbank.
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6 Zum Lesen der Shapefiles und zum Schreiben der Geodaten
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7 in die Datenbank wird die GDAL-Bibliothek verwendet.
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8 Um Daten in eine Oracle Datenbank zu importieren ist es n�tig, dass
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9 GDAL und GDAL-Python-Bindings mit Oracle-Unterst�tzung installiert
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10 sind. Bei der Verwendung von PostgreSQL entf�llt dieser Schritt.
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11 Weitere Details hierzu befinden sich im
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12 Kapitel \ref{Systemanforderungen} und \ref{Installationsanleitung}.
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13
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14 Der Importer kann mit einem Shellscript von der Kommandozeile gestartet werden
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15 (siehe Kapitel \ref{Starten des Geodaten Importers}). Nach dem Start wird anhand der
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16 Konfiguration festgestellt, welche Klassen von Shapefiles aus dem Dateisystem
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17 importiert werden sollen. F�r jede Klasse gibt es einen speziellen
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18 Parser, der die speziellen Attribute eines Shapefiles liest und in die entsprechende
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19 Relation der Datenbank schreibt. Die Parser sind speziell auf das
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20 Dateisystem der BfG ausgerichtet. So wird beispielsweise erwartet, dass die Shapefiles der
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21 Gew�sserachse im Ordner $Geodaesie/Flussachse+km$ liegen. Weitere Informationen zu
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22 den einzelnen Parsern sind Kapitel \ref{Beschreibung der Parser} zu
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23 entnehmen.
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24
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25 Damit die Geodaten eines Shapes sp�ter eindeutig in der Datenbank identifiziert
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26 werden k�nnen, wird f�r jede Geometrie der Pfad des Shapes im Dateisystem
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27 im Datenbankfeld 'path' gespeichert. Anwendungen, die auf der Datenbank
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28 aufbauen, k�nnen die Geodaten eines Shapefiles sp�ter anhand dieses Merkmals
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29 gruppieren und anzeigen.
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30
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31 Bitte beachten Sie, dass der Geodaten Importer aufgrund der eingesetzten
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32 Technologien derzeit nicht in der Lage ist, lesend auf die Oracle-Datenbank
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33 zuzugreifen. Entsprechend kann beim Import nicht festgestellt werden, ob sich
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34 die Daten eines Shapefiles bereits in der Datenbank befinden, oder nicht.
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35 Ein erneuter Import der Geodaten w�rde also dazu f�hren, dass Geometrien doppelt in der
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36 Datenbank abgelegt werden.
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37
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38 \subsection{Koordination-Transformation}
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39 F�r die Transformation der Daten verwendet GDAL wiederum die PROJ4-Bibliothek.
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40 Die Daten werden vor dem Schreiben in die Datenbank alle
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41 in die Gau�-Kr�ger-Projektion Zone 3 (EPSG-Code 31467) transformiert.
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42 Ist f�r die zu importierenden Daten keine Projektion ersichtlich
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43 (fehlende \textit{*.prj}-Datei), so findet keine Transformation statt.
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44 Dies f�hrt nur zu Problemen mit dem Fachdienst FLYS, falls die Daten nicht
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45 bereits in der genannten Projektion vorlagen.
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46
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47 Im Falle der Digitalen Gel�ndemodelle (DGM) findet keine Transformation statt,
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48 da zu diesen lediglich Metadaten in der Datenbank gespeichert werden
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49 (siehe Kapitel \ref{dgm_parser}),
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50 w�hrend die Daten selbst von der Anwendung Dive4Elements River
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51 aus dem Dateisystem geholt werden.
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52 F�r Berechnungen mit den DGM werden die Geometrien aus der Datenbank
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53 in Dive4Elements River in die Projektion des jeweiligen DGM transformiert.
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54 Daher ist es besonders wichtig, dass die Angaben des EPSG-Codes
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55 in der Spalte SRID in DGMs.csv korrekt sind (siehe Kapitel \ref{dgm_parser})
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56
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57 \subsection{Logfile}
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58 Der Erfolg oder Misserfolg eines Shape-Imports wird
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59 im Logfile vermerkt. Folgende Eintr�ge k�nnen dem Logfile
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60 entnommen werden:
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61
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62 \textbf{INFO: Inserted \# features}
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63 \\Gibt die Anzahl der erfolgreich importierten Features an.
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64
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65 \textbf{INFO: Failed to create \# features}
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66 \\Gibt die Anzahl der Features an, die nicht importiert werden konnten.
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67
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68 \textbf{INFO: Found 3 unsupported features of type: '...'}
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69 \\Gibt die Anzahl der Features an, die aufgrund ihres Datentyps nicht importiert
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70 werden konnten. Wenn etwa Punkte erwartet wurden aber sich im Shapefile
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71 Polygone befanden.
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72
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73 \textbf{INFO: Did not import values from fields: '...' ...}
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74 \\Der Importer schreibt neben der geographischen Information weitere
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75 Attribut-Daten in die Datenbank.
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76 Attribut-Spalten die nicht importiert wurden (z.B. auf Grund
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77 von Tippfehlern oder unterschiedlicher Schreibweise),
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78 werden wie angegeben im Logfile aufgef�hrt.
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79
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80 \textbf{ERROR: No source SRS given! No transformation possible!}
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81 \\Das Shapefile enth�lt keine Information, in welcher Projektion die Geometrien
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82 vorliegen. Es findet keine Transformation in die Zielprojektion statt. Bitte
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83 beachten Sie, dass FLYS diese Geometrien sp�ter ggf.\ nicht korrekt darstellen
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84 kann.
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85
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86 \textbf{ERROR: Unable to insert feature: DETAIL}
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87 \\Beim Lesen eines Features ist ein Fehler aufgetreten.
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88 Das Feature konnte nicht in die Datenbank geschrieben werden.
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89
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90 \textbf{ERROR: Exception while committing transaction}
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91 \\Beim Abschluss des Schreib-Vorgangs in die Datenbank ist ein unerwarteter
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92 Fehler aufgetreten. Die Features des Shapes sind nicht importiert worden.
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93
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94 \textbf{ERROR 1: ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied}
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95 \\Es konnte keine Verbindung zur Oracle Datenbank hergestellt werden. Pr�fen Sie
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96 die Verbindungseinstellungen.
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97
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98 Weitere Fehler, die von der Oracle-Datenbank kommen, k�nnen ebenfalls im
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99 Logfile angezeigt werden.
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100
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101
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102 \subsection{Beschreibung der Parser}
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103 \label{Beschreibung der Parser}
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104
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105 Wie im letzten Kapitel beschrieben, sind die Parser speziell an das Dateisystem
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106 der BfG angepasst. Im Folgenden werden zu jedem Parser folgende Informationen
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107 angegeben:
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108
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109 \textbf{Pfad}
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110 \\Der Pfad, in dem die Shapefiles im Dateisystem abgelegt sein m�ssen (ausgehend
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111 vom Gew�sser Verzeichnis).
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112
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113 \textbf{Geometrie}
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114 \\Der Geometrie Typ, der f�r diese Klasse von Shapefiles erwartet wird.
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115
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116 \textbf{Attribute}
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117 \\Eine Liste der Attribute, die vom Parser aus dem Shape gelesen werden.
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118 In Klammern als alternativ bezeichnete Attribut-Namen werden in
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119 das gleiche Datenbankfeld geschrieben, wie das vorgenannte Feld.
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120 Die alternativen Namen werden vom Importer zus�tzlich unterst�tzt,
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121 um Dateien aus dem heterogenen Bestand der BfG unver�ndert
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122 importieren zu k�nnen.
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123
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124 Zudem werden Datenbank-Attribute beschrieben, die nicht direkt aus
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125 Attribut-Spalten des Shapefiles gelesen werden.
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126
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127 \subsubsection{Achsen}
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128 \hspace{5mm}
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129 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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130 Pfad & Geodaesie/Flussachse+km \\
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131 Geometrie & LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING \\
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132 \end{tabular*}
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133
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134 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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135 Zus�tzlich wird das Attribut 'kind\_id' gesetzt, welches
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136 f�r die aktuelle Achse (\textit{achse.shp}) 1 ist
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137 und f�r sonstige Achsen (weitere Linien-Shapes) 2.
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138
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139 \subsubsection{Hydr. Grenzen}
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140 \hspace{5mm}
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141 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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142 Pfad & Hydrologie/Hydr.Grenzen \\
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143 Geometrie & LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING, POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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144 Attribute & SECTIE, STROVOER \\
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145 \end{tabular*}
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146
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147 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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148 Das Attribut 'kind' wird 1 gesetzt f�r Daten aus dem
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149 Unterverzeichnis \textit{Linien/BfG},
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150 2 f�r Daten aus \textit{Linien/Land},
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151 3 f�r Daten aus \textit{Sonstige}
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152 und f�r alle �brigen 0.
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153 Ausgenommen sind Dateien, in deren Namen 'Talaue'
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154 (Gro�-Klein-Schreibung irrelevant) vorkommt.
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155
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156 Linien und Polygone werden in der Datenbank in unterschiedlichen
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157 Tabellen gespeichert.
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158
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159 \subsubsection{Bauwerke}
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160 \hspace{5mm}
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161 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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162 Pfad & Geodaesie/Bauwerke \\
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163 Geometrie & LINESTRING \\
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164 Attribute & Name (alternativ: KWNAAM),
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165 km (alternativ: station, wsv-km),
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166 z (alternativ: H�he, Hoehe, m+NHN)\\
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167 \end{tabular*}
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168
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169 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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170 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' ist 0 f�r Sonstige,
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171 1 f�r Br�cken, 2 f�r Wehre, 3 f�r Pegel.
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172 Es wird aus dem Dateinamen hergeleitet
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173 (\textit{bruecken.shp, wehre.shp, pegel.shp},
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174 teilweise auch alternative Schreibweisen unterst�tzt)
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175 oder je Feature gesetzt, wenn in einer Attributspalte
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176 die Werte 'bruecke' und 'wehr'
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177 (teilweise auch alternative Schreibweisen unterst�tzt) vorkommen.
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178 Ausgenommen sind Dateien, in deren Namen 'Buhnen'
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179 (Gro�-Klein-Schreibung irrelevant) vorkommt.
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180
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181 \subsubsection{Querprofilspuren}
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182 \hspace{5mm}
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183 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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184 Pfad & Geodaesie/Querprofile \\
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185 Geometrie & LINESTRING \\
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186 Attribute & KILOMETER (alternativ: KM, STATION), ELEVATION \\
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187 \end{tabular*}
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188
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189 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' wird 1 gesetzt f�r die Datei \textit{qps.shp} (aktuelle Querprofilspuren)
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190 und 0 f�r alle weiteren.
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191
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192 \subsubsection{Festpunkte}
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193 \hspace{5mm}
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194 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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195 Pfad & Geodaesie/Festpunkte \\
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196 Geometrie & POINT \\
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197 Attribute & KM (alternativ: ELBE\_KM), X, Y, HPGP (alternativ: ART) \\
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198 \end{tabular*}
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199
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200 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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201
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202 \subsubsection{Hochwassermarken}
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203 \hspace{5mm}
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204 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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205 Pfad & Hydrologie/HW-Marken/hw-marken.shp \\
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206 Geometrie & POINT \\
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207 Attribute & Ort (alternativ: Pegel),
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208 km (alternativ: station, wsv-km, FlussKm),
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209 z (alternativ: z mit anschlie�ender Zahl, m+NHN)\\
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210 \end{tabular*}
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211
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212 Gro�-Klein-Schreibung im Dateinamen ist irrelevant.
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213 F�r das Attribut 'year' wird im Dateinamen nach einer Jahreszahl
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214 nach folgendem Muster gesucht: \textit{\_YYYY\_} oder \textit{-YYYY-}.
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215 Gelingt dies nicht, erscheint im Logfile die Warnung
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216 'Could not extract year from filename: ...'.
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217
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218 \subsubsection{Talaue}
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219 \hspace{5mm}
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220 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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221 Pfad & Hydrologie/Hydr.Grenzen \\
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222 Geometrie & POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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223 \end{tabular*}
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224
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225 Es werden nur Dateien betrachtet, in deren Namen das Wort 'Talaue'
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226 (Gro�-Klein-Schreibung irrelevant) vorkommt.
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227 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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228 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' wird 1 gesetzt f�r die Datei \textit{talaue.shp} (aktuelle Talaue)
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229 und 0 f�r alle weiteren.
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230
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231 \subsubsection{Hochwasserschutzanlagen}
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232 \hspace{5mm}
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233 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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234 Pfad & Hydrologie/HW-Schutzanlagen \\
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235 Geometrie & LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING, POINT \\
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236 Attribute & Name, Art, Quelle, Anmerkung, Stand, Verband,
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237 km (alternativ: Deich\_km), Bereich,
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238 Hoehe, Hoehe\_soll, WSP\_Bfg100, Bundesland
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239 (Teilweise auch alternative Schreibweisen unterst�tzt)\\
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240 \end{tabular*}
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241
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242 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt,
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243 wenn kein Attribut 'Name' im Shapefile vorhanden ist.
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244 Das Feld 'kind\_id' wird per Default auf 2 (f�r Damm) gesetzt.
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245 Wird ein Attribut 'ART' im Shapefile gefunden,
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246 so wird 'kind\_id' entsprechend dieses Feldes gesetzt
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247 (1 f�r die Werte 'Durchlass', 'Rohr1', 'Rohr 1', 'Rohr 2',
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248 2 f�r die Werte 'Damm', 'Deich', 'Hochufer', 'Hauptdeich', 'Sommerdeich',
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249 3 f�r den Wert 'Graben').
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250 Es wird versucht das Bundesland aus dem Dateinamen zu ermitteln,
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251 wenn das Shapefile kein Attribut 'Bundesland' enth�lt.
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252
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253 Linien und Punkte werden in der Datenbank in unterschiedlichen
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254 Tabellen gespeichert.
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255
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256 \subsubsection{Buhnen}
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257 \hspace{5mm}
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258 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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259 Pfad & Geodaesie/Bauwerke/Buhnen.shp \\
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260 Geometrie & POINT \\
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261 Attribute & station (alternativ: km, wsv-km),
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262 z (alternativ: Hoehe, H�he, m+NHN) \\
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263 \end{tabular*}
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264
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265 Das Attribut 'kind\_id' wird f�r
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266 Buhnenkopf (\textit{bkl, bkr, bk}) 0,
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267 f�r Buhnenfu� (\textit{bfl, bfr, bf}) 1 und
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268 f�r Buhnenwurzel (\textit{bwl, bwr, bw}) 2 gesetzt,
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269
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270 \subsubsection{Stationierung}
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271 \hspace{5mm}
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272 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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273 Pfad & Geodaesie/Flussachse+km/km.shp \\
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274 Geometrie & POINT \\
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275 Attribute & km (alternativ: KM), landkm \\
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276 \end{tabular*}
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277
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278 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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279
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280 \subsubsection{�berschwemmungsfl�che}
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281 \hspace{5mm}
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282 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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283 Pfad & Hydrologie/UeSG \\
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284 Geometrie & POLYGON, MULTIPOLYGON \\
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285 Attribut & diff, count, area, perimeter, GEWAESSER \\
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286 \end{tabular*}
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287
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288 Das Attribut 'name' wird auf den Namen des Shapefiles gesetzt.
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289 Das Attribut 'kind' wird nach folgendem Schema gesetzt:
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290
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291 \hspace{5mm}
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292 \begin{tabular}[t]{ll}
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293 Unterverzeichnis & Wert \\
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294 \textit{Berechnungen/Aktuell/BfG} & 111 \\
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295 \textit{Berechnungen/Aktuell/Bundesl�nder} & 112 \\
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296 \textit{Berechnungen/Potentiell/BfG} & 121 \\
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297 \textit{Berechnungen/Potentiell/Bundesl�nder} & 122 \\
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298 \textit{Messungen} & 200 \\
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299 \end{tabular}
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300
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301 Das Attribut 'source' wird auf den Namen des Verzeichnisses gesetzt,
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302 indem sich das jeweilige Shapefile befindet.
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303
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304 \subsubsection{Metadaten zu Digitalen Gel�nde-Modellen}
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305 \label{dgm_parser}
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306 \hspace{5mm}
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307 \begin{tabular*}{155mm}[t]{l@{\extracolsep\fill}p{125mm}}
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308 Pfad & ../DGMs.csv \\
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309 Attribut & Projektion, H�henstatus, Format, Bruchkanten,
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310 Aufl�sung, SRID, Pfad\_Bestand,
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311 km\_von, km\_bis, Jahr\_von, Jahr\_bis \\
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312 \end{tabular*}
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313
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314 Aus der Spalte 'Gew�sser' in DGMs.csv wird entnommen,
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315 f�r welches Gew�sser das angegebene DGM verwendet wird.
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316 Die Spalte muss daher den exakt gleichen Namen enthalten
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317 wie in der *.gew-Datei des Gew�ssers angegeben
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318 (siehe auch Kapitel \ref{start-hydr}).
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319 Die eigentlichen Geo-Daten der DGM werden nicht in die Datenbank importiert.
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320 Diese werden von der Anwendung Dive4Elements River aus dem Dateisystem geholt.
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321
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322 \subsection{Konfiguration}
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323 \label{Konfiguration}
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324 Der Geodaten Importer kann �ber das Skript \textit{./run\_geo.sh}
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325 konfiguriert werden. �ffnen Sie die Datei mit einem Texteditor Ihrer Wahl
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326 und passen Sie ggf.\ folgende Variablen an:
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327
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328 \textbf{HOST}
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329 \\Der Host der Datenbank.
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330
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331 \textbf{BACKEND\_NAME}
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332 \\Der Name der Datenbank Instanz.
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333 Beispielsweise \textit{XE} bei einer Oracle XE Instanz.
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334
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335 \textbf{USER}
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336 \\Der Nutzer, der zum Verbinden zur Datenbank verwendet wird.
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337
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338 \textbf{PASS}
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339 \\Das Passwort f�r USER zum Verbinden zur Datenbank.
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340
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341 In den weiteren Zeilen werden weitere Optionen definiert, die bei Bedarf angepasst
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342 werden k�nnen. Falls nicht anders angegeben, k�nnen die Optionen mit den Werten
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343 `0` und `1` belegt werden.
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344
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345 \textbf{VERBOSE}
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346 \\Dieser Wert gibt die Granularit�t der Log-Ausgaben w�hrend des
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347 Imports an. Je h�her der Wert, desto mehr Informationen werden
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348 in das Logfile geschrieben. Aktuell sind die Werte `0`, `1` und
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349 `2` definiert. Wird der Wert `0` gesetzt, werden nur Fehler und
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350 Warnungen in das Logfile geschrieben. Bei `1` werden neben
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351 Fehlern und Warnungen auch Infos in das Logfile geschrieben. Bei
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352 `2` werden s�mtliche Ausgaben des Programms geschrieben. Dieser
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353 Modus ist haupts�chlich f�r die Entwicklung gedacht.
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354
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355 \textbf{OGR\_CONNECTION}
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356 \\Hiermit kann direkt ein beliebiger Verbindungs-String angegegeben
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357 werden, welcher dann anstatt HOST, USER und PASS verwendet wird.
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358 Diese Option wird direkt an die OGR-Bibliothek weitergegeben und erm�glicht
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359 verbesserte Tests und Entwicklung mit verschiedenen Backends.
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360
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361 \textbf{SKIP\_AXIS}
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362 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Flussachsen importiert.
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363
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364 \textbf{SKIP\_KMS}
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365 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Stationierungen importiert.
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366
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367 \textbf{SKIP\_CROSSSECTIONS}
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368 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Querprofilespuren importiert.
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369
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370 \textbf{SKIP\_FIXPOINTS}
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371 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Festpunkte importiert.
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372
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373 \textbf{SKIP\_BUILDINGS}
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374 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Bauwerke importiert.
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375
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376 \textbf{SKIP\_FLOODPLAINS}
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377 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Talauen importiert.
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378
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379 \textbf{SKIP\_HYDR\_BOUNDARIES}
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380 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine hydrologischen Grenzen importiert.
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381
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382 \textbf{SKIP\_HWS\_LINES}
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383 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden kein Hochwasserschutzanlagen (Liniendaten) importiert.
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384
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385 \textbf{SKIP\_HWS\_POINTS}
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386 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden kein Hochwasserschutzanlagen (Punktdaten) importiert.
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387
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388 \textbf{SKIP\_UESG}
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389 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine �berschwemmungsfl�chen importiert.
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390
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391 \textbf{SKIP\_DGM}
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392 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Metadaten zu Digitalen Gel�ndemodellen importiert.
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393
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394 \textbf{SKIP\_JETTIES}
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395 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine Buhnen importiert.
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396
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397 \textbf{SKIP\_FLOODMARKS}
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398 \\Bei gesetztem Wert `1` werden keine HW-Marken importiert.
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399
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400 \subsection{Starten des Geodaten Importers}
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401 \label{Starten des Geodaten Importers}
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402 Der Geodaten Importer wird mittels des Shellskripts,
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403 dass auch f�r die Konfiguration verwendet wird, von einer Konsole
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404 gestartet. Dazu f�hren Sie folgenden Befehl aus:\\
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405
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406 \begin{lstlisting}
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407 sh ./run_geo.sh pfad/zur/beispiel.gew > geo-import.log
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408 \end{lstlisting}
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409
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410 Bez�glich des �bergebenen Pfades siehe auch Kapitel \ref{start-hydr}.
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411 Der Importer wird nun gestartet. S�mtliche Log-Ausgaben werden in die Datei
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412 $geo-import.log$ geschrieben.
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413
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414
http://dive4elements.wald.intevation.org